Electrochemical Deposition Treatment (EDT) as a Comprehensive Rehabilitation Method for Corrosion-Induced Deterioration in Concrete with Various Severity Levels

The primary purposes of this study are to investigate the feasibility of electrochemical deposition treatment (EDT) as a comprehensive rehabilitation method for corrosion-induced deterioration in reinforced concrete with various severity levels, and to propose a guideline for the determination of critical factors to advance EDT. This study includes three experimental phases, each of which simulates the initiation (de-passivation), propagation (high corrosion activity), and acceleration (formation of a surface-breaking crack) periods of corrosion-induced deterioration. After completion of a series of accelerated corrosion tests, damaged concrete samples with different severity levels are rehabilitated by a series of EDT processes using a MgCl2 solution in an electrolyte. The main variables for this experiment are the concentration levels (0, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 M) of a MgCl2 solution for test phase 1, charging time (0, 2, and 7 days) in EDT for test phase 2, and configuration of pre- and post-treatment processes in EDT for test phase 3. The rehabilitation performance of EDT is evaluated by analyzing the AC impedance properties of the steel-and-concrete interface using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the test phases 1 and 2, and microscopic alternation in concrete cracks using optical microscopic image and SEM/EDX. It is demonstrated that EDT is an effective method for preventing and mitigating corrosion-induced deterioration in the initiation and rust propagation periods of corrosion and for repairing (closing and filling) a corrosion-induced surface-breaking crack in the acceleration phase of corrosion. Corrosion-resistant performance of concrete increases as the concentration levels of a MgCl2 solution in an electrolyte increases and as the charging time in EDT increases. In addition, a post-treatment process (applying a NaOH solution) after the electrochemical deposition process significantly improves crack-repairing performance of EDT.

[1]  Vadim F. Lvovich,et al.  Impedance Spectroscopy: Applications to Electrochemical and Dielectric Phenomena , 2012 .

[2]  Young Sik Kim,et al.  Corrosion Cost and Corrosion Map of Korea -Based on the Data From 2005 to 2010 , 2011 .

[3]  Linhua Jiang,et al.  Repair of concrete crack by pulse electro-deposition technique , 2017 .

[4]  J. W. Ju,et al.  A multi-phase micromechanical model for unsaturated concrete repaired using the electrochemical deposition method , 2013 .

[5]  P. Searson,et al.  Use of AC Impedance Technique in Studies on Steel in Concrete in Immersed Conditions , 1981 .

[6]  Hassan Baji,et al.  A comparative study on factors affecting time to cover cracking as a service life indicator , 2018 .

[7]  Ha-Won Song,et al.  Experimental Study on Artificial Crack Healing for Concrete Using Electrochemical Deposition Method , 2009 .

[8]  W. Yeih,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Using Electrochemical Deposition as a Repair Method for Reinforced Concrete Beams , 2009 .

[9]  Denny A. Jones.  Principles and prevention of corrosion , 1991 .

[10]  J. W. Ju,et al.  An Improved Micromechanical Framework for Saturated Concrete Repaired by the Electrochemical Deposition Method considering the Imperfect Bonding , 2016 .

[11]  Nobuaki Otsuki,et al.  USE OF ELECTRODEPOSITION FOR REPAIR OF CONCRETE WITH SHRINKAGE CRACKS , 2001 .

[12]  Feng Xing,et al.  Healing effectiveness of cracks rehabilitation in reinforced concrete using electrodeposition method , 2008 .

[13]  Wenji Zheng,et al.  Study on antibacterial mechanism of Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles , 2014 .

[14]  Jian Yang,et al.  Electrochemical deposition method for load-induced crack repair of reinforced concrete structures: A numerical study , 2021 .

[15]  J. W. Ju,et al.  Micromechanical models for saturated concrete repaired by the electrochemical deposition method , 2014 .

[16]  Khaled Soudki,et al.  Effectiveness of Impressed Current Technique to Simulate Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Concrete , 2003 .

[17]  A. Belarbi,et al.  Electrochemical behavior of mild and corrosion resistant concrete reinforcing steels , 2020 .

[18]  E. Ganjian,et al.  A Review of Corrosion and Protection of Steel in Concrete , 2018 .

[19]  Hans Beushausen,et al.  Durability, service life prediction, and modelling for reinforced concrete structures – review and critique , 2019, Cement and Concrete Research.

[20]  G. D. Davis,et al.  Corrosion Monitoring Of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Embedded Instrumentation , 2010 .

[21]  W. Hu,et al.  Review—Electrochemical Probes and Sensors Designed for Time-Dependent Atmospheric Corrosion Monitoring: Fundamentals, Progress, and Challenges , 2020, Journal of The Electrochemical Society.

[22]  Linhua Jiang,et al.  Effect of electro-deposition on repair of cracks in reinforced concrete , 2020 .

[23]  Nobuaki Otsuki,et al.  Crack closure of reinforced concrete by electrodeposition technique , 2002 .

[24]  Ueli M. Angst,et al.  Challenges and opportunities in corrosion of steel in concrete , 2018, Materials and Structures.

[25]  Raja Rizwan Hussain,et al.  Passive Layer Development and Corrosion of Steel in Concrete at the Nano-scale , 2014 .

[26]  N. Otsuki,et al.  Development of Improved Electrodeposition Method for Repair of Reinforced Concrete Structures , 2014 .

[27]  Eiji Tada,et al.  Long-term monitoring of atmospheric corrosion at weathering steel bridges by an electrochemical impedance method , 2014 .

[28]  Meng Zheng,et al.  The cost of corrosion in China , 2017, npj Materials Degradation.

[29]  Paulo J.M. Monteiro,et al.  Electrodeposition as a rehabilitation method for concrete materials , 2004 .

[30]  Linhua Jiang,et al.  Use of electrochemical method for repair of concrete cracks , 2014 .

[31]  G. V. Zijl,et al.  Corrosion propagation in cracked reinforced concrete, toward determining residual service life , 2019, Structural Concrete.

[32]  W. Liu,et al.  Multiphysics coupling model for the crack repairing process using electrochemical deposition , 2020 .

[33]  N. Otsuki,et al.  Application of electrochemical techniques for the control of cracks and steel corrosion in concrete , 2002 .

[34]  K. Ann,et al.  Efficiency of Different Electrolytes on Electrochemical Chloride Extraction to Recover Concrete Structures under Chloride-Induced Corrosion , 2020, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering.

[35]  C. Andrade,et al.  Test methods for on-site corrosion rate measurement of steel reinforcement in concrete by means of the polarization resistance method , 2004 .

[36]  Jurng-Jae Yee,et al.  Corrosion Monitoring of Reinforced Steel Embedded in Cement Mortar under Wet-And-Dry Cycles by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy , 2019, Sensors.