Chapter 4 Exposure assessment of air pollutants: a review on spatial heterogeneity and indoor/outdoor/personal exposure to suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone*
暂无分享,去创建一个
[1] R. Burnett,et al. The Relationship Among TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and Inorganic Constituents of Atmospheric Participate Matter at Multiple Canadian Locations , 1997 .
[2] M. Röösli,et al. Airborne particle number profiles, particle mass distributions and particle-bound PAH concentrations within the city environment of Basel: an assessment as part of the BRISKA Project , 2000 .
[3] G. Talaska,et al. Validity criteria for the use of biological markers of exposure to chemical agents in environmental epidemiology. , 1995, Toxicology.
[4] G. Oberdörster,et al. Lung particle overload: implications for occupational exposures to particles. , 1995, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.
[5] J. Dijkman,et al. Seasonal appearance of grass pollen allergen in natural, pauci‐micronic aerosol of various size fractions. Relationship with airborne grass pollen concentration , 1995, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[6] P A Buffler,et al. The estimation of personal exposures to air pollutants for a community-based study of health effects in asthmatics--design and results of air monitoring. , 1985, Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
[7] H. Koerten,et al. Evidence of grass‐pollen allergenic activity in the smaller micronic atmospheric aerosol fraction , 1990, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[8] H. Koren,et al. Biomarkers of inflammation in ozone-exposed humans. Comparison of the nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage. , 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.
[9] A. Ahlbom,et al. Aspects of misclassification of confounding factors. , 1992, American journal of industrial medicine.
[10] R. M. Harrison,et al. Spatial Correlation of Automatic Air Quality Monitoring at Urban Background Sites: Implications for Network Design , 1998 .
[11] J. Colls,et al. Variation in airborne particulate matter concentration over the first three metres from ground in a street canyon , 1998 .
[12] W. Ott,et al. Total human exposure: basic concepts, EPA field studies, and future research needs. , 1990, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[13] Paul J. Lioy,et al. Assessing total human exposure to contaminants. A multidisciplinary approach , 1990 .
[14] M. Brauer,et al. Measurement of acidic aerosol species in eastern Europe: implications for air pollution epidemiology. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.
[15] J. Emberlin. Interaction between air pollutants and aeroallergens , 1995, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[16] Tracy L. Thatcher,et al. Deposition, resuspension, and penetration of particles within a residence , 1995 .
[17] R. Knox,et al. Pollen allergens: development and function , 1996, Sexual Plant Reproduction.
[18] H. Michaels,et al. Spatial representativeness and scales of transport during the 1995 integrated monitoring study in California's San Joaquin Valley , 1999 .
[19] D. Dockery,et al. Concentration of indoor particulate matter as a determinant of respiratory health in children. , 1994, American journal of epidemiology.
[20] C. Monn,et al. LATEX: A peculiar biological component in airborne particles? , 2000 .
[21] Koller,et al. Differences in size selective aerosol sampling for pollen allergen detection using high‐volume cascade impactors , 2000, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[22] Methods for assessing the extent of exposure and effects of air pollution. , 1997, Occupational and environmental medicine.
[23] B. Hulka,et al. Biological markers in epidemiologic research. , 1988, Archives of environmental health.
[24] P. Koutrakis,et al. Validation of personal exposure models for sulfate and aerosol strong acidity. , 1993, Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[25] Dongmin Luo,et al. Environmental chamber study of maximum incremental reactivities of volatile organic compounds , 1995 .
[26] Yukio Yanagisawa,et al. A badge-type personal sampler for measurement of personal exposure to NO2 and NO in ambient air , 1982 .
[27] M. Keywood,et al. Relationships between size segregated mass concentration data and ultrafine particle number concentrations in urban areas , 1999 .
[28] B. Leaderer. Assessing exposures to environmental tobacco smoke. , 1990, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.
[29] J. Emberlin. Plant allergens on pauci‐micronic airborne particles , 1995, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[30] W. Wilson,et al. Fine particles and coarse particles: concentration relationships relevant to epidemiologic studies. , 1997, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[31] M. Katze,et al. Functional Genomics Highlights Differential Induction of Antiviral Pathways in the Lungs of SARS-CoV–Infected Macaques , 2007, PLoS pathogens.
[32] C. Rodes,et al. Automated data-logging personal exposure monitors for carbon monoxide. , 1986, Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
[33] J. Spengler,et al. Room-to-Room Variations in Concentration of Respirable Particles in Residences. , 1981, Environmental science & technology.
[34] D. Mage. Concepts of human exposure assessment for airborne particulate matter , 1985 .
[35] P. Koutrakis,et al. Ozone exposure assessment in a southern California community. , 1997, Environmental health perspectives.
[36] D. Dockery,et al. Association of indoor nitrogen dioxide with respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in children. , 1991, American journal of epidemiology.
[37] H. Novey,et al. Deposition of inhaled pollen and pollen extract in human airways. , 1973, The New England journal of medicine.
[38] Martin Röösli,et al. Validity of Ambient Levels of Fine Particles as Surrogate for Personal Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution—Results of the European EXPOLIS-EAS Study (Swiss Center Basel) , 2000, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[39] J D Spengler,et al. Evaluation of an annular denuder/filter pack system to collect acidic aerosols and gases. , 1988, Environmental science & technology.
[40] P J Lioy,et al. Measurement methods for human exposure analysis. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.
[41] U Ackermann-Liebrich,et al. Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland. Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) Team. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.
[42] J. Schwartz,et al. Air pollution and daily mortality: a review and meta analysis. , 1994, Environmental research.
[43] M. Possanzini,et al. New design of a high-performance denuder for the sampling of atmospheric pollutants , 1983 .
[44] W. Bechtold,et al. Protein adduct biomarkers: state of the art. , 1996, Environmental health perspectives.
[45] Sander Greenland,et al. Factoring vs linear modeling in rate estimation: A simulation study of relative accuracy , 1998 .
[46] John D. Spengler,et al. Indoor-outdoor relationships of respirable sulfates and particles , 1981 .
[47] J. Robins,et al. Invited commentary: ecologic studies--biases, misconceptions, and counterexamples. , 1994, American journal of epidemiology.
[48] U. Ackermann-Liebrich,et al. Air pollution, climate and pollen comparisons in urban, rural and alpine regions in Switzerland (SAPALDIA study) , 1999 .
[49] P. Koutrakis,et al. Design of a personal annular denuder sampler to measure atmospheric aerosols and gases , 1989 .
[50] B. Brunekreef,et al. Personal sampling of particles in adults: relation among personal, indoor, and outdoor air concentrations. , 1998, American journal of epidemiology.
[51] R. Devlin,et al. Stimulation of human and rat alveolar macrophages by urban air particulates: effects on oxidant radical generation and cytokine production. , 1996, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
[52] J. Schwartz,et al. Is Daily Mortality Associated Specifically with Fine Particles? , 1996, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[53] U Ackermann-Liebrich,et al. Prevalence of atopy and pollinosis in the adult population of Switzerland (SAPALDIA study). Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. , 1995, International archives of allergy and immunology.
[54] J. Colls,et al. Measured and modelled concentrations and vertical profiles of airborne particulate matter within the boundary layer of a street canyon. , 1999, The Science of the total environment.
[55] R W Whitmore,et al. The influence of personal activities on exposure to volatile organic compounds. , 1989, Environmental research.
[56] W. G. Cochran. Errors of Measurement in Statistics , 1968 .
[57] B G Armstrong,et al. The effects of measurement errors on relative risk regressions. , 1990, American journal of epidemiology.
[58] John D. Spengler,et al. Seasonal and Yearly Patterns of Indoor Nitrogen Dioxide Levels: Data from Albuquerque, New Mexico , 1994 .
[59] B. Wüthrich,et al. Direct determination of allergens in ambient aerosols: methodological aspects. , 1996, International archives of allergy and immunology.
[60] J. Staehelin,et al. Spatial Variability of Different Fractions of Particulate Matter within an Urban Environment and between Urban and Rural Sites , 2000, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[61] R. Letz,et al. Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide: relationship to indoor/outdoor air quality and activity patterns. , 1986, Environmental science & technology.
[62] A. Rood,et al. Chronic beryllium disease and cancer risk estimates with uncertainty for beryllium released to the air from the Rocky Flats Plant. , 1999, Environmental health perspectives.
[63] B Seifert. Validity criteria for exposure assessment methods. , 1995, The Science of the total environment.
[64] Otto Hänninen,et al. Fine Particle (PM25) Measurement Methodology, Quality Assurance Procedures, and Pilot Results of the EXPOLIS Study. , 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[65] D. Kogelschatz,et al. Particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) and fine particles less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5): relationships between indoor, outdoor and personal concentrations , 1997 .
[66] R. Rylander. Microbial Cell Wall Constituents in Indoor Air and their Relation to Disease , 1998 .
[67] J. Spengler,et al. Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the Los Angeles Basin. , 1994, Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[68] P. Koutrakis,et al. The Mass Concentration and Elemental Composition of Indoor Aerosols in Suffolk and Onondaga Counties, New York , 1994 .
[69] John D. Spengler,et al. The Boston residential NO2 characterization study—II. Survey methodology and population concentration estimates , 1988 .
[70] U. Ackermann-Liebrich,et al. Validity of annoyance scores for estimation of long term air pollution exposure in epidemiologic studies: the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA). , 2000, American journal of epidemiology.
[71] N. Duan,et al. Models for human exposure to air pollution , 1982 .
[72] Naresh Kumar,et al. Spatial and temporal variations in PM10 and PM2.5 source contributions and comparison to emissions during the 1995 integrated monitoring study , 1999 .
[73] M. Williams. Monitoring of exposure to air pollution. , 1995, The Science of the total environment.
[74] E. Palmes,et al. Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide. , 1976, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.
[75] R. Bellomo,et al. Mechanism of grass-pollen-induced asthma , 1992, The Lancet.
[76] U. Ackermann-Liebrich,et al. Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide in Switzerland , 1998 .
[77] D. Dockery,et al. Long-term measurements of respirable sulfates and particles inside and outside homes , 1981 .
[78] D. Dockery,et al. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.
[79] B. Brunekreef,et al. Variability of exposure measurements in environmental epidemiology. , 1987, American journal of epidemiology.
[80] J. Spengler,et al. A passive sampler for measurement of carbon monoxide using a solid adsorbent , 1992 .
[81] M. Brauer,et al. Acid air and health , 1990 .
[82] P. Taylor,et al. Major grass pollen allergen Lol p 1 binds to diesel exhaust particles: implications for asthma and air pollution , 1997, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[83] Michael Brauer,et al. Ozone personal exposures and health effects for selected groups residing in the Fraser Valley , 1997 .
[84] J. Ring,et al. Air pollution and allergy: experimental studies on modulation of allergen release from pollen by air pollutants. , 1997, International archives of allergy and immunology.
[85] C. Monn,et al. Cytotoxicity and induction of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes exposed to fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5) in outdoor and indoor air. , 1999, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
[86] R. Santella,et al. A sensitive color ELISA for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in human tissues. , 1996, Mutation research.
[87] Mass concentration and elemental composition of PM10 in classrooms. , 1999, Occupational and environmental medicine.
[88] L. Wallace,et al. Indoor particles: a review. , 1996, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[89] Panos G. Georgopoulos,et al. Integrated Exposure and Dose Modeling and Analysis System. 1. Formulation and Testing of Microenvironmental and Pharmacokinetic Components , 1997 .
[90] Roy M. Harrison,et al. Measurements of the physical properties of particles in the urban atmosphere , 1999 .
[91] E. Buringh,et al. A method to estimate the distribution of various fractions of PM10 in ambient air in the Netherlands , 1999 .
[92] W Eduard. Measurement methods and strategies for non-infectious microbial components in bioaerosols at the workplace. , 1996, The Analyst.
[93] Y. Yanagisawa,et al. Urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio as a biological effect marker for exposure to NO2 and tobacco smoke , 1988 .
[94] W. Ott. Concepts of human exposure to air pollution , 1982 .
[95] Mohan B. Singh,et al. Aeroallergens of plant origin: Molecular basis and aerobiological significance , 1995 .
[96] Vicente Carabias,et al. Small-scale spatial variability of particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide , 1997 .
[97] E. Heberle‐Bors,et al. A birch gene family encoding pollen allergens and pathogenesis-related proteins. , 1994, Biochimica et biophysica acta.
[98] I. Tager. Introduction to working group on tropospheric ozone, Health Effects Institute environmental epidemiology planning project. , 1993, Environmental health perspectives.
[99] M. Segal,et al. Association between lifetime ambient ozone exposure and pulmonary function in college freshmen--results of a pilot study. , 1997, Environmental research.
[100] C. Weschler,et al. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds at a building with health and comfort complaints. , 1990, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.
[101] E. Kupek,et al. Thunderstorm associated asthma: a detailed analysis of environmental factors , 1996, BMJ.
[102] A. P. Altshuller. Some characteristics of ozone formation in the urban plume of St. Louis, MO , 1988 .
[103] L. Wallace,et al. The California TEAM study: Breath concentrations and personal exposures to 26 volatile compounds in air and drinking water of 188 residents of Los Angeles, Antioch, and Pittsburg, CA , 1988 .
[104] L. Lowry,et al. Role of biomarkers of exposure in the assessment of health risks. , 1995, Toxicology letters.
[105] B. Brunekreef,et al. Indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure and children's pulmonary function. , 1990, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[106] H. Burtscher,et al. Monitoring PAH-Emissions from Combustion Processes by Photoelectric Charging , 1994 .
[107] A. Peters,et al. Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles. , 1997, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.
[108] Kazuhiko Ito,et al. Variations in PM-10 Concentrations Within two Metropolitan Areas and Their Implications for Health Effects Analyses , 1995 .
[109] J. Dutkiewicz,et al. Bioaerosols and occupational lung disease , 1994 .
[110] J D Spengler,et al. Personal exposure to respirable particulates and sulfates. , 1981, Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association.
[111] P. Taylor,et al. Source of Bet v 1 loaded inhalable particles from birch revealed , 1997, Sexual Plant Reproduction.
[112] D. Dockery,et al. Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: air pollution exposures. , 1996, Environmental health perspectives.
[113] D. Wypij,et al. Use of personal measurements for ozone exposure assessment: a pilot study. , 1993, Environmental Health Perspectives.
[114] A. Koivikko,et al. Airborne birch pollen antigens in different particle sizes , 1994, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[115] M. Brauer,et al. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of inorganic acidic aerosols and gases. , 1991, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[116] J. Lewtas,et al. Comparison of DNA adducts from exposure to complex mixtures in various human tissues and experimental systems , 1993, Environmental health perspectives.
[117] J C Chow,et al. Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles. , 1995, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[118] John D. Spengler,et al. Personal exposure to respirable particles: a case study in Waterbury, Vermont , 1984 .
[119] J. Brook,et al. Temporal and spatial relationships in fine particle strong acidity, sulphate, PM1O, and PM2.5 across multiple canadian locations , 1997 .
[120] R. D. Moe,et al. Aerosols Near Urban Street Intersections , 1985 .
[121] Manfred Kirchner,et al. Evaluation of passive methods for measuring ozone in the European Alps , 1996 .
[122] C. Monn,et al. Hygienic Aspects of Ground‐Coupled Air Systems , 1998 .
[123] C. Suphioglu,et al. Environmental and molecular biology of pollen allergens , 1996 .
[124] H. Behrendt,et al. Interaction between Aeroallergens and Airborne Particulate Matter. , 1992, International archives of allergy and immunology.
[125] P. Koutrakis,et al. Characterization of indoor particle sources: A study conducted in the metropolitan Boston area. , 1999, Environmental health perspectives.
[126] Michael Brauer,et al. Indoor ozone and nitrogen dioxide: a potential pathway to the generation of nitrate radicals, dinitrogen pentoxide, and nitric acid indoors , 1992 .
[127] P. McConnaughey,et al. Passive colorimetric dosimeter tubes for ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. , 1981, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.
[128] L. Kupper,et al. The relationship between environmental monitoring and biological markers in exposure assessment. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.
[129] O. Vandenplas,et al. Prevalence of occupational asthma due to latex among hospital personnel. , 1995, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.
[130] O. Raabe,et al. Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles. , 1976, Environmental health perspectives.
[131] J. Mege,et al. Latex allergy: allergen identification in Hevea braziliensis fractions by immunoblotting , 1995, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
[132] C. Monn,et al. Passive sampling for ozone. , 1990, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
[133] D. Costa,et al. Oxidant Generation and Lung Injury after Particulate Air Pollutant Exposure Increase with the Concentrations of Associated Metals , 1996 .
[134] Simon Kingham,et al. Spatial variations in the concentrations of traffic-related pollutants in indoor and outdoor air in Huddersfield, England , 2000 .
[135] P. Koutrakis,et al. Spatial variation in particulate concentrations within metropolitan Philadelphia , 1996 .
[136] H. Burge,et al. Allergen carriage by atmospheric aerosol. I. Ragweed pollen determinants in smaller micronic fractions. , 1983, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.
[137] H. Burtscher,et al. Photoemission for in situ analysis of particulate combustion emissions , 1993 .
[138] B. Brunekreef,et al. Childhood exposure to PM10: relation between personal, classroom, and outdoor concentrations. , 1997, Occupational and environmental medicine.
[139] J A Stolwijk,et al. Assessment of exposure to indoor air contaminants from combustion sources: methodology and application. , 1986, American journal of epidemiology.
[140] S. Greenland,et al. Effects of nondifferential exposure misclassification in ecologic studies. , 1992, American Journal of Epidemiology.
[141] C. Baynes,et al. A Hospital‐Based Case‐Control Study of Stillbirths and Environmental Exposure to Arsenic Using an Atmospheric Dispersion Model Linked to a Geographical Information System , 1998, Epidemiology.
[142] U. Ackermann-Liebrich,et al. Particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) and total suspended particulates (TSP) in urban, rural and alpine air in Switzerland , 1995 .
[143] R. H. Brown. The use of diffusive samplers for monitoring of ambient air (Technical Report) , 1993 .
[144] P. Lioy,et al. Assessing exposures to inhaled complex mixtures. , 1993, Environmental Health Perspectives.
[145] G. Cass,et al. Latex allergens in tire dust and airborne particles. , 1996, Environmental health perspectives.
[146] P. Koutrakis,et al. Measurement of ambient ozone using a nitrite-coated filter , 1993 .
[147] Antonio Colombi,et al. Height profile of some air quality markers in the urban atmosphere surrounding a 100 m tower building , 1998 .
[148] Bert Brunekreef,et al. Air pollution from traffic in city districts near major motorways. , 1998 .