Distribution of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in Arabidopsis root and their influence on root development: possible interaction with peroxidases.

The respective distribution of superoxide (O(2) (.-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), two reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in root growth and differentiation, was determined within the Arabidopsis root tip. We investigated the effect of changing the levels of these ROS on root development and the possible interactions with peroxidases. H(2)O(2) was detected by confocal laser-scanning microscopy using hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF). Both O(2) (.-) accumulation and peroxidase distribution were assessed by light microscopy, using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and o-dianisidine, respectively. Root length and root hair length and density were also quantified following ROS scavenging. O(2) (.-) was predominantly located in the apoplast of cell elongation zone, whereas H(2)O(2) accumulated in the differentiation zone and the cell wall of root hairs in formation. Treatments that decrease O(2) (.-) concentration reduced root elongation and root hair formation, while scavenging H(2)O(2) promoted root elongation and suppressed root hair formation. The results allow to precise the respective role of O(2) (.-) and H(2)O(2) in root growth and development. The consequences of their distinct accumulation sites within the root tip are discussed, especially in relation to peroxidases.

[1]  L. Dolan,et al.  Control of Plant Development by Reactive Oxygen Species1 , 2006, Plant Physiology.

[2]  J. Schroeder,et al.  The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Hormonal Responses1 , 2006, Plant Physiology.

[3]  C. Dunand,et al.  Two cell wall associated peroxidases from Arabidopsis influence root elongation , 2006, Planta.

[4]  C. Dunand,et al.  Performing the paradoxical: how plant peroxidases modify the cell wall. , 2004, Trends in plant science.

[5]  P. Schopfer,et al.  Production of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (O2˙−, H2O2, and ˙OH) by Maize Roots and Their Role in Wall Loosening and Elongation Growth , 2004, Plant Physiology.

[6]  R. Mittler,et al.  Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. , 2004, Trends in plant science.

[7]  D. Schachtman,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide mediates plant root cell response to nutrient deprivation. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  R. Angelini,et al.  Occurrence of diamine oxidase in the apoplast of pea epicotyls , 1986, Planta.

[9]  E. Elstner,et al.  Formation of hydrogen peroxide by isolated cell walls from horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) , 2004, Planta.

[10]  C. Dunand,et al.  Expression of a peroxidase gene in zucchini in relation with hypocotyl growth , 2003 .

[11]  H. Ebinuma,et al.  Ectopic Expression of a Horseradish Peroxidase Enhances Growth Rate and Increases Oxidative Stress Resistance in Hybrid Aspen , 2003, Plant Physiology.

[12]  Jonathan D. G. Jones,et al.  Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth , 2003, Nature.

[13]  Y. Urano,et al.  Development of Novel Fluorescence Probes That Can Reliably Detect Reactive Oxygen Species and Distinguish Specific Species* 210 , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[14]  D. Davies,et al.  The apoplastic oxidative burst in response to biotic stress in plants: a three-component system. , 2002, Journal of experimental botany.

[15]  M. Tognolli,et al.  Analysis and expression of the class III peroxidase large gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. , 2002, Gene.

[16]  P. Benfey,et al.  Root Development , 2002, The arabidopsis book.

[17]  M. Percival,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of the binding of aromatic hydroxamic acid analogues to ferric horseradish peroxidase. , 2001, Biochemistry.

[18]  Y. Bae,et al.  Role of auxin-induced reactive oxygen species in root gravitropism. , 2001, Plant physiology.

[19]  P. Schopfer,et al.  Hydroxyl-radical production in physiological reactions. A novel function of peroxidase. , 1999, European journal of biochemistry.

[20]  A. Cuming,et al.  Spatial specificity of H2O2-generating oxalate oxidase gene expression during wheat embryo germination. , 1998, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[21]  J. Glowinski,et al.  Pyruvate Protects Neurons against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[22]  A. Barceló,et al.  Lignification in plant cell walls. , 1997 .

[23]  H. Dunford,et al.  ACCELERATING EFFECT OF UMBELLIFERONE ON PEROXIDASE-CATALYZED OXIDATION OF INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID AT NEUTRAL PH , 1996 .

[24]  P. Morrow,et al.  Production of reactive oxygen intermediates following exposure to ozone. Relative contribution of alveolar macrophages. , 1996, Chest.

[25]  H. Greppin,et al.  Binding of plant isoperoxidases to pectin in the presence of calcium , 1994, FEBS letters.

[26]  J. Harborne.  Plant peroxidases 1980–1990 , 1993 .

[27]  R. Ebermann,et al.  Plant peroxidase has a thiol oxidase function , 1992 .

[28]  A. Carmichael,et al.  Kinetics of superoxide scavenging by dismutase enzymes and manganese mimics determined by electron spin resonance. , 1992, The Biochemical journal.

[29]  I. Fridovich,et al.  Characterization of a superoxide dismutase mimic prepared from desferrioxamine and MnO2. , 1989, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[30]  C. Larsson,et al.  NAD(P)H oxidase and peroxidase activities in purified plasma membranes from cauliflower inflorescences , 1987 .

[31]  H. Lambers,et al.  Hydroxamate-Stimulated O(2) Uptake in Roots of Pisum sativum and Zea mays, Mediated by a Peroxidase : Its Consequences for Respiration Measurements. , 1986, Plant physiology.

[32]  Stephen C. Fry,et al.  Cross-Linking of Matrix Polymers in the Growing Cell Walls of Angiosperms , 1986 .

[33]  M. Mäder,et al.  Role of peroxidase in lignification of tobacco cells : I. Oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and formation of hydrogen peroxide by cell wall peroxidases. , 1982, Plant physiology.

[34]  M. Mäder,et al.  Role of Peroxidase in Lignification of Tobacco Cells : II. Regulation by Phenolic Compounds. , 1982, Plant physiology.

[35]  A. Smith,et al.  Oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid by peroxidase: involvement of reduced peroxidase and compound III with superoxide as a product. , 1982, Biochemistry.

[36]  B. Bielski,et al.  Reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium by CO2- and O2- radicals , 1980 .

[37]  B. Halliwell.  Generation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals during the oxidation of dihydroxyfumaric acid by peroxidase. , 1977, The Biochemical journal.

[38]  R. Miller,et al.  The Mechanism of the Scopoletin-induced Inhibition of the Peroxidase Catalyzed Degradation of Indole-3-acetate. , 1972, Plant physiology.