Expressed Motives for Informal and Club/Association-based Sports Participation

In France today, few sociological/descriptive studies have been conducted that provide adequate information about sport participants' motives. The present study provides a scale for measuring four kinds of sport motivations: exhibitionism, competition, sociability and emotion, and playing to the limit. It was completed by 878 students from two levels of secondary education, from the Provence, Alpes, Côte d'Azur Region in Southern France. The internal and external validity of the motivational constructs/factors were examined. We tested students' motivations to participate in sport across 15 independent variables. The results supported the construct validity of the scale, revealed important sources of variation in motives and showed that across all groups, intrinsic motives were more important than the extrinsic motives.

[1]  M. Lallement.  Économie et société , 2004 .

[2]  Kirk L. Wakefield.  THE PERVASIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON SPORTING EVENT ATTENDANCE , 1995 .

[3]  Gary Alan Fine,et al.  Small Groups and Culture Creation: The Idioculture of Little League Baseball Teams , 1979 .

[4]  Frederic Dimanche,et al.  Leisure Involvement Revisited: Conceptual Conundrums and Measurement Advances , 1997 .

[5]  M. Zuckerman,et al.  Construct validity for the sensation-seeking scale. , 1968, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[6]  Brian Torode,et al.  Subculture: The Meaning of Style. , 1981 .

[7]  R. J. Vallerand,et al.  Développement et Validation d'une Mesure de Motivation Intrinsèque, Extrinsèque et d'Amotivation en Contexte Sportif: L'Échelle de Motivation dans les Sports (ÉMS). , 1995 .

[8]  K. James.  “You Can Feel Them Looking at You”: The Experiences of Adolescent Girls at Swimming Pools , 2000 .

[9]  J. Duda.  Motivation in sport settings: A goal perspective approach. , 1995 .

[10]  R. J. Vallerand,et al.  Loisirs et santé mentale: les relations entre la motivation pour la pratique des loisirs et le bien-être psychologique. , 1995 .

[11]  P. Peretti-Watel.  Comment devient-on fumeur de cannabis ? Une perspective quantitative , 2001 .

[12]  W. Stewart,et al.  Leisure as Multiphase Experiences: Challenging Traditions , 1998 .

[13]  D. Farnill,et al.  Factorial invariance across sex of the Form V of the Sensation-Seeking Scale. , 1983 .

[14]  M. Blais,et al.  Developing and validating a measure of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sports: A scale of motivation for Sports (EMS). , 1995 .

[15]  J. Crompton.  Motivations for pleasure vacation , 1979 .

[16]  Stéphane Sabourin,et al.  Toward a motivational model of couple happiness , 1990 .

[17]  J. Dumazedier.  Vers une civilisation du loisir , 1963 .

[18]  B. Werble.  Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. , 1966 .

[19]  G. Dann.  Tourist motivation: an appraisal. , 1981 .

[20]  E. Hamilton-Smith.  Four kinds of tourism , 1987 .

[21]  Aurélien Niel,et al.  Formes actuelles de la pratique sportive des jeunes : description des tendances et méthodes d’investigation , 2002 .

[22]  John W. Lounsbury,et al.  Leisure needs and vacation satisfaction. , 1992 .

[23]  B. L. Driver,et al.  Measuring Leisure Motivation: A Meta-Analysis of the Recreation Experience Preference Scales , 1996 .

[24]  K. Shinew,et al.  Convergence and divergence in leisure style among Whites and African Americans: toward an interracial contact hypothesis , 1999 .

[25]  Jo-Ann Fiske.  Understanding Popular Culture , 1989 .

[26]  A. Schutz.  Collected Papers I. The Problem of Social Reality , 1972 .

[27]  M. Travert.  Le « football de pied d'immeuble » : Une pratique singulière au cœur d'une cité populaire , 1997 .

[28]  J. G. Beard,et al.  Measuring Leisure Motivation , 1983 .

[29]  M. Bialeschki,et al.  "You have to have some fun to go along with your work": The interplay of race, class, gender, and leisure in the industrial New South. , 1998 .

[30]  D. L. Andrews,et al.  British Cultural Studies and Sport: Past Encounters and Future Possibilities , 1993 .

[31]  R. Gitelson,et al.  INSIGHTS INTO THE REPEAT VACATION PHENOMENON , 1984 .

[32]  R. J. Vallerand,et al.  Introduction à la psychologie de la motivation , 1993 .

[33]  J. Petrick,et al.  Analysis of Golfer Motivations and Constraints by Experience Use History , 2001 .

[34]  T. Heberlein,et al.  Social Status, Self-Development, and the Process of Sailing Specialization , 1997 .

[35]  N. Darling,et al.  Leisure Context, Parental Control, and Resistance to Peer Pressure as Predictors of Adolescent Partying and Substance Use: An Ecological Perspective , 1999 .

[36]  F. Dimanche,et al.  Leisure as symbolic consumption: conceptualization and prospects for future research. , 1991 .

[37]  Motivations of the heritage consumer in the leisure market: An application of the Manning‐Haas demand hierarchy , 1993 .

[38]  The Role of Parents and Peers in the Leisure Activities of Young Adolescents , 2000 .

[39]  Robert Liebendorfer.  Mind, self and society , 1960 .

[40]  M. Maffesoli.  The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society , 1995 .

[41]  Becky Beal,et al.  Disqualifying the Official: An Exploration of Social Resistance through the Subculture of Skateboarding , 1995 .

[42]  Recreational activity clustering among adolescents. , 1981, Research quarterly for exercise and sport.

[43]  P. Bourdieu.  Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste* , 2018, Food and Culture.

[44]  Edward L. Deci,et al.  Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior , 1975, Perspectives in Social Psychology.

[45]  A. Bandura.  Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory , 1985 .

[46]  J. Gnoth.  Tourism motivation and expectation formation , 1997 .

[47]  Caroline Senécal,et al.  Une analyse motivationnelle de l'abandon des études , 1992 .