A Review on 4D Printing Material Composites and Their Applications

Abstract 4D printing is an extension of 3D printing in which stimuli-responsive active smart materials are used to produce the static structure. This static structure then converts into another structure when it is exposed to the stimulus. Type of stimulus may be light, heat, pH, water, magnetic field etc. depending upon the material selected for 3D printing. In recent advances, these dynamic structures developed by 3D printing process are used for actuators, smart devices, aesthetic primitives, smart textiles, and also in biomedical applications. This paper is about the brief overview of the advanced materials for 4D printing and their applications.

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