Potential of electrodialytic techniques in brackish desalination and recovery of industrial process water for reuse

Abstract Large demands for water in industry and consumer markets have led to the development of seawater desalination plants worldwide. Electrodialysis allows the removal of ions at a much lower specific energy consumption than pressure-driven systems and holds the potential to move the desalination industry to greater water yields, lowering the degree of water wasted and energy required for separations. This study investigates the use of traditional electrodialysis as well as electrodeionization for the removal of contaminant ions from brackish water as well as samples from industrial sources. Results indicated that conventional electrodeionization can successfully remove ion contaminants from brackish water at specific energy consumptions of approximately 0.9–1.5 kWh/m 3 water recovered with high water productivity at 40–90 L/m 2  h. Ion-exchange resin wafer electrodeionization showed greater promise with specific energy consumption levels between 0.6–1.1 kWh/m 3 water recovered and productivity levels between 10–40 L/m 2  h. From these results, electrodialysis and electrodeionization have demonstrated viability as alternatives to pressure-driven membrane systems for brackish water desalination.

[1]  T. Xu,et al.  Which is more competitive for production of organic acids, ion-exchange or electrodialysis with bipo , 2011 .

[2]  Anthony G. Fane,et al.  Prediction of reverse osmosis fouling using the feed fouling monitor and salt tracer response technique , 2015 .

[3]  François Zaviska,et al.  Using modelling approach to validate a bench scale forward osmosis pre-treatment process for desalination , 2014 .

[4]  A. Bernardes,et al.  Treatment of molybdate solutions by electrodialysis: The effect of pH and current density on ions transport behavior , 2016 .

[5]  Rajindar Singh.  Analysis of energy usage at membrane water treatment plants , 2011 .

[6]  Christopher J. Gabelich,et al.  Reducing costs for large-scale desalting plants using large-diameter, reverse osmosis membranes , 2006 .

[7]  Ali Altaee.  Forward Osmosis: Potential use in Desalination and Water Reuse , 2012 .

[8]  T. Cath,et al.  Mixed draw solutions for improved forward osmosis performance , 2015 .

[9]  W. Ho,et al.  Novel reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with a hydrophilic additive for seawater desalination , 2014 .

[10]  S.C.J.M. van Hoof,et al.  The effect of ultrafiltration as pretreatment to reverse osmosis in wastewater reuse and seawater desalination applications , 1999 .

[11]  A. Zwane.  Implications of Scarcity , 2012, Science.

[12]  Barat Ghobadian,et al.  Solar desalination: A sustainable solution to water crisis in Iran , 2015 .

[13]  H. Strathmann.  Electrodialysis, a mature technology with a multitude of new applications , 2010 .

[14]  Cong-jie Gao,et al.  Performance of a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane system in pretreatment to seawater desalination , 2010 .

[15]  J. Post,et al.  Seawater electrodialysis with preferential removal of divalent ions , 2014 .

[16]  Tai-Shung Chung,et al.  Forward osmosis processes: Yesterday, today and tomorrow , 2012 .

[17]  Johann Fischer,et al.  Desalination of whey by electrodialysis and ion exchange resins: analysis of both processes with regard to sustainability by calculating their cumulative energy demand , 2002 .

[18]  Xu Zhang,et al.  Integration of conventional electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for productio , 2010 .

[19]  Ronan K. McGovern,et al.  On the potential of forward osmosis to energetically outperform reverse osmosis desalination , 2014 .

[20]  Aicheng Chen,et al.  Electrodeionization: Principles, Strategies and Applications , 2014 .

[21]  Lawrence L. Kazmerski,et al.  Energy Consumption and Water Production Cost of Conventional and Renewable-Energy-Powered Desalination Processes , 2013 .

[22]  Ahmad Fauzi Ismail,et al.  Ultrafiltration as a pretreatment for seawater desalination: A review , 2014 .

[23]  Shiao‐Shing Chen,et al.  In-line coagulation/ultrafiltration for silica removal from brackish water as RO membrane pretreatment , 2009 .

[24]  Mauro Moresi,et al.  Electrodialysis applications in the food industry. , 2006, Advances in food and nutrition research.

[25]  Yusuke Tokui,et al.  Comprehensive environmental assessment of seawater desalination plants: Multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis membrane types in Saudi Arabia , 2014 .

[26]  Juan D. Gomez,et al.  Towards direct potable reuse with forward osmosis: Technical assessment of long-term process performance at the pilot scale , 2013 .

[27]  Ngai Yin Yip,et al.  Thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of power generation from natural salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[28]  Peter Wasserscheid,et al.  Synthesis of [EMIM]OH via bipolar membrane electrodialysis – precursor production for the combinatorial synthesis of [EMIM]-based ionic liquids , 2007 .

[29]  Larry,et al.  Economic and Technical Analysis of a Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination Plant Using DEEP-3.2 Software , 2012 .

[30]  Benny D. Freeman,et al.  Reverse osmosis desalination: water sources, technology, and today's challenges. , 2009, Water research.

[31]  Anjushri S. Kurup,et al.  Simulation and Optimal Design of Electrodeionization Process: Separation of Multicomponent Electrolyte Solution , 2009 .

[32]  Noreddine Ghaffour,et al.  Renewable energy-driven desalination technologies: A comprehensive review on challenges and potential applications of integrated systems , 2015 .

[33]  F. Muñoz,et al.  Low-capacity Reverse Osmosis Solar Desalination Plant , 2014 .

[34]  Bopeng Zhang,et al.  Potential ion exchange membranes and system performance in reverse electrodialysis for power generation: A review , 2015 .

[35]  Anjushri S. Kurup,et al.  Wafer Chemistry and Properties for Ion Removal by Wafer Enhanced Electrodeionization , 2010 .

[36]  M. Elimelech,et al.  The Future of Seawater Desalination: Energy, Technology, and the Environment , 2011, Science.

[37]  J S Vrouwenvelder,et al.  Forward osmosis niches in seawater desalination and wastewater reuse. , 2014, Water research.

[38]  A. M. Lopez,et al.  Reduction of the shadow spacer effect using reverse electrodeionization and its applications in water recycling for hydraulic fracturing operations , 2016 .

[39]  I. Pinnau,et al.  Preparation and water desalination properties of POSS-polyamide nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes , 2015 .

[40]  M. T. D. Groot,et al.  Electrodialysis for the concentration of ethanolamine salts , 2011 .

[41]  Amy E. Childress,et al.  Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments , 2006 .

[42]  M. Monnot,et al.  Granular activated carbon filtration plus ultrafiltration as a pretreatment to seawater desalination lines: Impact on water quality and UF fouling , 2016 .

[43]  Moonyong Lee,et al.  Energy Consumption in Forward Osmosis Desalination Compared to other Desalination Techniques , 2012 .

[44]  Kamal M. Sassi,et al.  Effective design of reverse osmosis based desalination process considering wide range of salinity and seawater temperature , 2012 .

[45]  K. M. Gupta,et al.  Synthesis and seawater desalination of molecular sieving zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes , 2016 .

[46]  J S Vrouwenvelder,et al.  Life cycle cost of a hybrid forward osmosis - low pressure reverse osmosis system for seawater desalination and wastewater recovery. , 2016, Water research.

[47]  C. Vörösmarty,et al.  Global water resources: vulnerability from climate change and population growth. , 2000, Science.

[48]  Ronan K. McGovern,et al.  The cost effectiveness of electrodialysis for diverse salinity applications , 2014 .

[49]  Amit Kumar,et al.  Global optimization of MSF seawater desalination processes , 2016 .

[50]  J. Qu,et al.  Enhanced formation of bromate and brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination of bromide-containing waters under catalysis of copper corrosion products. , 2016, Water Research.

[51]  B. Meesschaert,et al.  Desalination feasibility study of an industrial NaCl stream by bipolar membrane electrodialysis. , 2014, Journal of environmental management.

[52]  M. Moresi,et al.  Soy sauce desalting by electrodialysis , 2012 .

[53]  S. A. Avlonitis,et al.  Operational water cost and productivity improvements for small-size RO desalination plants , 2002 .