Design and testing of crashworthy aerospace composite components

The chapter presents the current state of the art in design, analysis and test of crashworthy composite aircraft structures. It describes a methodology based on the test/simulation pyramid adopted for aircraft structures in which test and analysis methods for crashworthy structures are developed and validated on structural elements and aircraft subfloor structures. Special attention is given to design, manufacture and crash test of a helicopter frame concept structure in advanced composite materials having high specific energy absorption where design rules are still under development.

[1]  Hiroyuki Hamada,et al.  Crushing mechanism of carbon fibre/PEEK composite tubes , 1995 .

[2]  D. Hull,et al.  A unified approach to progressive crushing of fibre-reinforced composite tubes , 1991 .

[3]  Dieter Kohlgrüber,et al.  Validation of Numerical Simulation of Composite Helicopter Sub-floor Structures Under Crash Loading , 1998 .

[4]  Athanasios G. Mamalis,et al.  The static and dynamic axial crumbling of thin-walled fibreglass composite square tubes , 1997 .

[5]  C. M. Kindervater,et al.  Composite Strength and Energy Absorption as an Aspect of Structural Crash Resistance , 1993 .

[6]  G. L. Farley,et al.  Crushing Characteristics of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composite Tubes , 1992 .

[7]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Computational methods for predicting impact damage in composite structures , 2001 .

[8]  Karen E. Jackson,et al.  Multifunctional Design Concepts for Energy Absorbing Composite Fuselage Sub-Structures , 1997 .

[9]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Failure mechanisms in energy-absorbing composite structures , 2010 .

[10]  M. W. Joosten,et al.  Experimental evaluation of the crush energy absorption of triggered composite sandwich panels under quasi-static edgewise compressive loading , 2010 .

[11]  Karen,et al.  Deployable System for Crash-Load Attenuation , 2007 .

[12]  Peter Middendorf,et al.  Integration of a Composite Crash Absorber in Aircraft Fuselage Vertical Struts , 2011 .

[13]  Matthew David,et al.  Improved Design Methods for Crashworthy Composite Helicopter Structures , 2012 .

[14]  J.F.M. Wiggenraad,et al.  Development of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Concept for a Commuter Aircraft , 2001 .

[15]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Validation of Crashworthiness Simulation and Design Methods by Testing of a Scaled Composite helicopter Frame Section , 2011 .

[16]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Analysis of Crushing Response of Composite Crashworthy Structures , 2013, Applied Composite Materials.

[17]  Paolo Feraboli,et al.  Development of a Corrugated Test Specimen for Composite Materials Energy Absorption , 2008 .

[18]  Mostafa Rassaian,et al.  Crush energy absorption of composite channel section specimens , 2009 .

[19]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Modelling impact damage in composite structural elements , 2005 .

[20]  M. A. McCarthy,et al.  Modelling of Bird Strike on an Aircraft Wing Leading Edge Made from Fibre Metal Laminates – Part 2: Modelling of Impact with SPH Bird Model , 2004 .

[21]  A. K. Pickett,et al.  Delamination testing and modelling for composite crash simulation , 2006 .

[22]  Chiara Bisagni,et al.  Progressive crushing of fiber-reinforced composite structural components of a Formula One racing car , 2005 .

[23]  Dimitrios E. Manolakos,et al.  Analysis of failure mechanisms observed in axial collapse of thin-walled circular fibreglass composite tubes , 1996 .

[24]  Ch. Kindervater,et al.  Composite vehicle structural crashworthiness - A status of design methodology and numerical simulation techniques , 1999 .

[25]  R. Thomson,et al.  Influence of dynamic loading on fastened composite joints , 2011 .

[26]  C. M. Kindervater,et al.  Crash Resistant Composite Subfloor Structures for Helicopters , 1996 .

[27]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Developing crashworthy composite helicopter structures: A building block approach , 2011 .

[28]  K. H. Lyle,et al.  A History of Full-Scale Aircraft and Rotorcraft Crash Testing and Simulation at NASA Langley Research Center , 2004 .

[29]  K. E. Jackson A Comparative Analysis of Three Composite Fuselage Concepts for Crash Performance , 1996 .

[30]  D. Kohlgrüber,et al.  Design and Performance of energy Absorbing Subfloor Structures in Aerospace Applications , 2000 .

[31]  R. S. Thomson,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigation of the crushing response of an open section composite energy absorbing element , 2011 .

[32]  Karen E. Jackson,et al.  Overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Subsonic Rotary Wing Aeronautics Research Program in Rotorcraft Crashworthiness , 2009 .

[33]  Alastair Johnson,et al.  Failure Mechanisms and Energy Absorption in Composite Elements under Axial Crush , 2011 .

[34]  Pierre Ladevèze,et al.  Damage modelling of the elementary ply for laminated composites , 1992 .

[35]  Matthias Waimer,et al.  The Kinematics Model - A Numerical Method for the Development of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Design of Transport Aircraft , 2010 .

[36]  Karen E. Jackson,et al.  Overview of the NASA Subsonic Rotary Wing Aeronautics Research Program in Rotorcraft Crashworthiness , 2008 .

[37]  Karen E. Jackson,et al.  Multi-terrain Vertical Drop Tests of a Composite Fuselage Section , 2008 .