Strangers at the Gate: Gaining Access, Building Rapport, and Co-Constructing Community-Based Research

This paper is about the work we do to create productive partnerships in community settings: developing relationships, demonstrating commitments, and overcoming personal and institutional barriers to community-based design research. Through an ethnographic account of the elements of community-based research normally elided from reports of design process, we explore how the impact of institutional histories and personal relationships went beyond simply identifying potential partners, but fundamentally guided the research questions and approach. We examine the different roles researchers play - researcher, confidant, advocate, interloper, invader, and collaborator - and how those roles create particular relations in the field. The contribution of this work is the development of a reflective account of the research in order to evaluate knowledge production, rigor, and advance methods for engaging in community-based research.

[1]  Richard Harper,et al.  The Organisation in Ethnography –A Discussion of Ethnographic Fieldwork Programs in CSCW , 2000, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[2]  Ira Harkavy,et al.  The role of universities in advancing citizenship and social justice in the 21st century , 2006 .

[3]  Rebecca E. Grinter,et al.  Health promotion as activism: building community capacity to effect social change , 2012, CHI.

[4]  Christopher A. Le Dantec,et al.  Participation and publics: supporting community engagement , 2012, CHI.

[5]  Nicola J. Bidwell,et al.  Community Consensus: Design Beyond Participation , 2012, Design Issues.

[6]  J. V. Dijk,et al.  MODELS OF DEMOCRACY AND CONCEPTS OF COMMUNICATION , 2004 .

[7]  Jennifer Ann Rode,et al.  The roles that make the domestic work , 2010, CSCW '10.

[8]  Christopher A. Le Dantec,et al.  Infrastructuring and the formation of publics in participatory design , 2013 .

[9]  D. Hindman The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , 1996 .

[10]  Alan Borning,et al.  Value Sensitive Design and Information Systems , 2020, The Ethics of Information Technologies.

[11]  Erik Stolterman,et al.  Cultural hybridity in participatory design , 2012, PDC '12.

[12]  Per-Anders Hillgren,et al.  Participatory design and "democratizing innovation" , 2010, PDC '10.

[13]  G. Button The ethnographic tradition and design , 2000 .

[14]  J. Law After Method: Mess in Social Science Research , 2004 .

[15]  Andrew Clement,et al.  Communities: Participatory Design for, with and by communities , 2012 .

[16]  Kristina Höök,et al.  The enigmatics of affect , 2002, DIS '02.

[17]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Re-place-ing space: the roles of place and space in collaborative systems , 1996, CSCW '96.

[18]  Jennifer Ann Rode,et al.  Reflexivity in digital anthropology , 2011, CHI.

[19]  D. Weir Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography , 2013 .

[20]  Amy Bruckman,et al.  Hollaback!: the role of storytelling online in a social movement organization , 2013, CSCW.

[21]  E. Isin Citizenship in flux: The figure of the activist citizen , 2009 .

[22]  Edwin H. Blake,et al.  Being participated: a community approach , 2010, PDC '10.

[23]  Richard Bentley,et al.  Ethnographically-informed systems design for air traffic control , 1992, CSCW '92.

[24]  Dennis F. Galletta,et al.  Human-Computer Interaction and Management Information Systems – Foundations , 2006 .

[25]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Storied spaces: Cultural accounts of mobility, technology, and environmental knowing , 2008, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[26]  Jesper Simonsen,et al.  Routledge International Handbook of Participatory Design , 2012 .

[27]  Yvonne Rogers,et al.  Being in the thick of in-the-wild studies: the challenges and insights of researcher participation , 2012, CHI.

[28]  Lynn Dombrowski,et al.  Shared values/conflicting logics: working around e-government systems , 2014, CHI.

[29]  Pelle Ehn,et al.  Participation in design things , 2008, PDC.

[30]  Helena Karasti,et al.  Reflections on 25 Years of Ethnography in CSCW , 2012, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[31]  W. Keith Edwards,et al.  Publics in practice: ubiquitous computing at a shelter for homeless mothers , 2011, CHI.

[32]  Rebecca E. Grinter,et al.  "This is how we do it in my country": a study of computer-mediated family communication among kenyan migrants in the united states , 2012, CSCW.

[33]  Paul Dourish,et al.  Implications for design , 2006, CHI.

[34]  Amy Bruckman,et al.  A new perspective on "community" and its implications for computer-mediated communication systems , 2006, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[35]  Pelle Ehn,et al.  Work-oriented design of computer artifacts , 1989 .

[36]  John M. Carroll,et al.  Community computing as human ‐ computer interaction , 2001, Behav. Inf. Technol..

[37]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  Participatory design in community informatics , 2007 .

[38]  Andrew Clement,et al.  The promise and perils of a participatory approach to developing an open source community learning network , 2004, PDC 04.

[39]  J. Newhagen,et al.  Media Access : Social and Psychological Dimensions of New Technology Use , 2003 .

[40]  Noortje Marres,et al.  The Issues Deserve More Credit , 2007 .

[41]  M.,et al.  Sense of community: A definition and theory , 1986 .

[42]  Nicola J. Bidwell,et al.  Designing with mobile digital storytelling in rural Africa , 2010, CHI.

[43]  J. V. Dijk,et al.  Digital Democracy: Issues of Theory and Practice , 2001 .

[44]  J. V. Maanen Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography , 1989 .

[45]  Christian Heath,et al.  Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms , 1991, ECSCW.

[46]  Gillian R. Hayes The relationship of action research to human-computer interaction , 2011, TCHI.

[47]  Tobie Kerridge,et al.  Anatomy of a failure: how we knew when our design went wrong, and what we learned from it , 2009, CHI.

[48]  Christopher A. Le Dantec,et al.  Community historians: scaffolding community engagement through culture and heritage , 2014, Conference on Designing Interactive Systems.

[49]  Howard Rheingold,et al.  The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , 2000 .

[50]  Eevi E. Beck,et al.  P for Political: Participation is Not Enough , 2002 .

[51]  Brian Jacobs,et al.  English Avenue Redevelopment Plan , 2008 .

[52]  Johannes A.G.M. Models of Democracy and Concepts of Communication. , 2000 .

[53]  Rogério Abreu de Paula Lost in translation: a critical analysis of actors, artifacts, agendas, and arenas in participatory design , 2004, PDC 04.

[54]  Y. Tuan,et al.  Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. , 1978 .