Constructing continuity across the organisational culture boundary in a highly virtual work environment

While remote work allows organisations to offer their employees flexibility and harness global talent and markets for business growth, inability to rely on physical interactions between employees imposes challenges specific to operations in highly virtual work environments. Among these characteristic issues are challenges associated with organisational socialisation and organisational culture. Accordingly, an action design research project was carried out for building a socialisation substitute (an information artefact in the form of a digital organisational culture handbook) to support synthesis of symbolic and pragmatic components of organisational culture at case company Smartly.io, a highly virtual organisation experiencing rapid growth. The paper contributes to the literature on socialisation and organisational culture by demonstrating one approach to designing a surrogate for socialisation that acts as a conduit between the symbolic aspects of organisational culture (such as values) and the pragmatic ones (such as toolkits). The work contributes to organisational discontinuity theory also, via theory‐generating descriptive analysis of the process of building continuity across the organisational culture boundary through creation of an information artefact. The resulting artefact was found to deliver practical utility to the case company and encapsulate generalisable design principles for this building process.

[1]  Esko Penttinen,et al.  Constructing continuities in virtual work environments: A multiple case study of two firms with differing degrees of virtuality , 2018, Inf. Syst. J..

[2]  Ikujiro Nonaka,et al.  The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process , 2003 .

[3]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Knowing in practice: Enacting a collective capability in distributed organizing , 2002, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[4]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  Research Commentary - The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation: An Agenda for Information Systems Research , 2010, Inf. Syst. Res..

[5]  Line Dubé,et al.  Rigor in Information Systems Positivist Case Research: Current Practices , 2003, MIS Q..

[6]  Dorothy E. Leidner,et al.  Review: A Review of Culture in Information Systems Research: Toward a Theory of Information Technology Culture Conflict , 2006, MIS Q..

[7]  IivariJuhani,et al.  The relationship between organizational culture and the deployment of systems development methodologies , 2007 .

[8]  P. Ehn,et al.  Design Things and Design Thinking: Contemporary Participatory Design Challenges , 2012, Design Issues.

[9]  Linda Duxbury,et al.  Conceptualizing and measuring the virtuality of teams , 2010, Inf. Syst. J..

[10]  Alex Mesoudi,et al.  Making sense of culture. , 2013 .

[11]  Dorothy E. Leidner,et al.  An affordance perspective of enterprise social media and organizational socialization , 2018, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[12]  Niki Panteli,et al.  From virtual teams to virtuality in teams , 2010 .

[13]  Jakob Trischler,et al.  The Value of Codesign , 2018 .

[14]  Paul P. Tallon,et al.  The Information Artifact in IT Governance: Toward a Theory of Information Governance , 2013, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[15]  H. Klein,et al.  THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL‐LEVEL ORIENTATION TRAINING PROGRAM IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF NEW HIRES , 2000 .

[16]  Kevin P. Scheibe,et al.  The Effect of Socializing via Computer-mediated Communication on the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Creativity , 2017, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[17]  Mei Lu,et al.  How virtual are we? Measuring virtuality and understanding its impact in a global organization , 2005, Inf. Syst. J..

[18]  Martin J. Eppler What is an Effective Knowledge Visualization? Insights from a Review of Seminal Concepts , 2011, 2011 15th International Conference on Information Visualisation.

[19]  Preston G.Smith Cmc Mastering virtual teams: strategies, tools, and techniques that succeed , 2001 .

[20]  Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa,et al.  Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams , 1999, J. Comput. Mediat. Commun..

[21]  O. Patterson Making Sense of Culture , 2014 .

[22]  Blake Ives,et al.  Virtual teams: a review of current literature and directions for future research , 2004, DATB.

[23]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  POSITIONING AND PRESENTING DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH FOR MAXIMUM IMPACT 1 , 2013 .

[24]  Lynda Gratton,et al.  The Third Wave Of Virtual Work. , 2013 .

[25]  Pieter Jan Stappers,et al.  Contextmapping: experiences from practice , 2005 .

[26]  P. Goodman,et al.  Substitutes for socialization and exocentric teams , 2000 .

[27]  Mary Beth Watson-Manheim Discontinuities, Continuities, and Hidden Work in Virtual Collaboration , 2019 .

[28]  Gretchen M. Spreitzer,et al.  Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain , 2003 .

[29]  Leslie P. Willcocks,et al.  Global software development: Exploring socialization and face-to-face meetings in distributed strategic projects , 2007, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[30]  Kevin Crowston,et al.  Perceived discontinuities and continuities in transdisciplinary scientific working groups. , 2015, The Science of the total environment.

[31]  N. Adler International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior , 1986 .

[32]  P. Pronovost,et al.  Organizational Culture and Performance , 2015 .

[33]  Nadine Vehring,et al.  Virtual or vague? a literature review exposing conceptual differences in defining virtual organizations in IS research , 2012, Electron. Mark..

[34]  John M. Levine,et al.  Newcomers and oldtimers in small groups. , 1989 .

[35]  Berrin Erdogan,et al.  Organizational socialization: The effective onboarding of new employees. , 2011 .

[36]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Design Science Research Contributions: Finding a Balance between Artifact and Theory , 2018, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[37]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation: An Agenda for Information Systems Research , 2011 .

[38]  Remo Aslak Burkhard,et al.  Towards a Framework and a Model for Knowledge Visualization: Synergies Between Information and Knowledge Visualization , 2005, Knowledge and Information Visualization.

[39]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Design Science in Information Systems Research , 2004, MIS Q..

[40]  Youngjin Yoo,et al.  Computing in Everyday Life: A Call for Research on Experiential Computing , 2010, MIS Q..

[41]  I. Nonaka A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation , 1994 .

[42]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  High Reliability in Digital Organizing: Mindlessness, the Frame Problem, and Digital Operations , 2019, MIS Q..

[43]  A. Hevner,et al.  Design Science Research Contributions Finding a Balance between Artifact and Theory , 2018 .

[44]  Sirkka L. Jarvenpaa,et al.  Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams , 1999 .

[45]  Simona Giorgi,et al.  The Many Faces of Culture: Making Sense of 30 Years of Research on Culture in Organization Studies , 2015 .

[46]  Chris Moller The virtual organisation , 1997 .

[47]  M. Lamont,et al.  The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences , 2002 .

[48]  Ann Swidler CULTURE IN ACTION: SYMBOLS AND STRATEGIES* , 1986 .

[49]  Erin Cho,et al.  The mechanism of trust affecting collaboration in virtual teams and the moderating roles of the culture of autonomy and task complexity , 2019, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[50]  Bruce Millett,et al.  The management of organisational culture , 2000 .

[51]  Emmanuel Okechukwu Ogbonna,et al.  Managing Organizational Culture: Compliance or Genuine Change? , 1998 .

[52]  PetterStacie,et al.  The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems , 2017 .

[53]  Kevin Crowston,et al.  Discontinuities and continuities: a new way to understand virtual work , 2002, Inf. Technol. People.

[54]  Jannis Kallinikos,et al.  The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artifacts , 2013, MIS Q..

[55]  Sophia Z. Lee The State of the American Workplace , 2016 .

[56]  LyytinenKalle,et al.  Research Commentary---The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation , 2010 .

[57]  John E. Sawyer,et al.  Virtualness and Knowledge in Teams: Managing the Love Triangle of Organizations, Individuals, and Information Technology , 2003, MIS Q..

[58]  B. Mark Organizational culture. , 1996, Annual review of nursing research.

[59]  Ann Swidler What anchors cultural practices , 2005 .

[60]  Sandeep Purao,et al.  Action Design Research , 2011, MIS Q..

[61]  Anthony R. Hendrickson,et al.  Virtual teams: Technology and the workplace of the future , 1998 .

[62]  Kevin Crowston,et al.  Perceived discontinuities and constructed continuities in virtual work , 2011, Inf. Syst. J..

[63]  Manju K. Ahuja,et al.  Socialization in Virtual Groups , 2003 .

[64]  Juhani Iivari,et al.  The Relationship Between Organisational Culture and the Deployment of Systems Development Methodologies , 2001, CAiSE.

[65]  L. Harris,et al.  Leadership style, organizational culture and performance: empirical evidence from UK companies , 2000 .

[66]  Mark A. Fuller,et al.  I Know I Can, But Can We? , 2007 .

[67]  H. Chang,et al.  Determinants of cultural adaptation, communication quality, and trust in virtual teams' performance , 2011 .

[68]  Jochen Runde,et al.  Theorizing the Digital Object , 2019, MIS Q..