Controlled fabrication of gold nanoparticles biomediated by glucose oxidase immobilized on chitosan layer-by-layer films

Abstract The control of size and shape of metallic nanoparticles is a fundamental goal in nanochemistry, and crucial for applications exploiting nanoscale properties of materials. We present here an approach to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized on solid substrates using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. The LbL films contained four alternated layers of chitosan and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), with GOD in the uppermost bilayer adsorbed on a fifth chitosan layer: (chitosan/PSS) 4 /(chitosan/GOD). The films were inserted into a solution containing gold salt and glucose, at various pHs. Optimum conditions were achieved at pH 9, producing gold nanoparticles of ca. 30 nm according to transmission electron microscopy. A comparative study with the enzyme in solution demonstrated that the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is more efficient using immobilized GOD.

[1]  J. E. Mattson,et al.  A Group-IV Ferromagnetic Semiconductor: MnxGe1−x , 2002, Science.

[2]  Kei Yasui,et al.  Enzymatic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Wrapped by Glucose Oxidase , 2005 .

[3]  Jose R. Peralta-Videa,et al.  Formation and Growth of Au Nanoparticles inside Live Alfalfa Plants , 2002 .

[4]  Zeev Rosenzweig,et al.  Development of an aggregation-based immunoassay for anti-protein A using gold nanoparticles. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  D. Astruc,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[6]  T. Kato,et al.  A metal dispersed sol-gel biocomposite amperometric glucose biosensor. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  C. Mirkin,et al.  Array-Based Electrical Detection of DNA with Nanoparticle Probes , 2002, Science.

[8]  N. Pieczonka,et al.  Gold nanoparticle embedded, self-sustained chitosan films as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[9]  O. N. Oliveira,et al.  The effect of the layer structure on the activity of immobilized enzymes in ultrathin films. , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[10]  Hideki Kuramitz,et al.  Glucose sensing by a carbon-paste electrode containing chitin modified with glucose oxidase , 2000 .

[11]  L. Misoguti,et al.  Light-induced storage in layer-by-layer films of chitosan and an azo dye. , 2003, Biomacromolecules.

[12]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Biocatalytic growth of Au nanoparticles: from mechanistic aspects to biosensors design. , 2005, Nano letters.

[13]  Georg Bauer,et al.  Metal Nano-Cluster Biosensors , 1999 .

[14]  K. G. Thomas,et al.  Functionalized gold nanoparticles as phosphorescent nanomaterials and sensors. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[15]  B. Krajewska.  Application of chitin- and chitosan-based materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review , 2004 .

[16]  Rajender S. Varma,et al.  Green and controlled synthesis of gold and platinum nanomaterials using vitamin B2: density-assisted self-assembly of nanospheres, wires and rods , 2006 .

[17]  K. Marx,et al.  Quartz crystal microbalance: a useful tool for studying thin polymer films and complex biomolecular systems at the solution-surface interface. , 2003, Biomacromolecules.

[18]  D. Santos,et al.  Control of catalytic activity of glucose oxidase in layer-by-layer films of chitosan and glucose oxidase , 2007 .

[19]  Jorge E. Fernandez,et al.  Mathematical Modelling of 3D Electron-Photon Transport in Microbeam Analysis , 2000, Microchimica Acta.

[20]  P. Schaaf,et al.  Stabilizing Effects of Various Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films on the Structure of Adsorbed/Embedded Fibrinogen Molecules: An ATR-FTIR Study † , 2001 .

[21]  P. A. Fiorito,et al.  Enzyme-mediated amperometric biosensors prepared with the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) adsorption technique. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  L. Richert,et al.  Cell interactions with polyelectrolyte multilayer films. , 2002, Biomacromolecules.

[23]  D. Santos,et al.  Controlling the size and shape of gold nanoparticles in fulvic acid colloidal solutions and their optical characterization using SERS , 2005 .

[24]  Jie Fu,et al.  A simple and green method for the synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles , 2006 .

[25]  G. S. Wilson,et al.  Electrochemically mediated electrodeposition/electropolymerization to yield a glucose microbiosensor with improved characteristics. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.