Life Cycle Energy and GHG Analysis of Hydroelectric Power Development in India

This study presents the results of a life cycle assessment of energy usage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity generation by small hydroelectric projects for understanding the characteristics of these systems from the perspective of global warming. Two types of hydropower schemes, viz. canal-based and dam-toe schemes, have been analyzed. The energy pay-back time for canal-based scheme is found in the range of 1.18–1.31 years. The corresponding values for dam-toe are 0.44–1.12 years. Similarly, GHG emissions (gCO2eq/kWhe) from canal-based and dam-toe schemes are in the range of 32.23–35.35 and 11.91–31.2 respectively. Using the economic input–output based life cycle assessment approach, energy pay-back timeand GHG emission have been quantified.