development of non-petroleum binders derived from fast pyrolysis bio-oils for use in flexible pavement

Most bituminous adhesives or binders that are used for pavement materials are derived primarily from fossil fuels. Nevertheless, with petroleum oil reserves becoming depleted and the subsequent promotion to establish a bio-based economy, there is a drive to develop and produce binders from alternative sources, particularly from biorenewable resources. Recently, through the application of scientific research and development, a range of different vegetable oils have been investigated to determine their physical and chemical properties to study their applicability to be used as bio-binders in the pavement industry. Biobinders can be utilized in three different ways to decrease the demand for fossil fuel based bituminous binders summarized as follows: (1) as a bitumen modifier (<10% bitumen replacement), (2) as a bitumen extender (25% to 75% bitumen replacement), and (3) as a direct alternative binder (100% replacement). On the other hand, there has been no research conducted until now that studies the applicability of the utilization of bio-oils as a bitumen replacement (100% replacement) to be used in the pavement industry. The main objectives of this dissertation can be summarized as follows. First, the rheological properties of fast pyrolysis liquid co-products (bio-oils) were investigated to determine the heat pre-treatment/upgrading procedure required for developing bio-binders from bio-oils. The second objective included the modification of Superpave test procedure to comply with the properties of the developed bio-binders. Third, the chemical characterization of the developed bio-binders was studied in addition to the physical characterization. Fourth, the utilization of bio-oils as bio-binders in the pavement industry was explored through determining the temperature and shear susceptibilities of the developed bio-binders and comparing them with commonly used bitumen binders. Fifth, the temperature performance

[1]  J. Soares,et al.  Characterization and thermal behavior of polymer-modified asphalt , 2004 .

[2]  Antxon Santamaria,et al.  Bitumen/polyethylene blends: using m-LLDPEs to improve stability and viscoelastic properties , 2006 .

[3]  D. Kaplan,et al.  Biopolymers from Renewable Resources , 1998 .

[4]  Robert L. Lytton,et al.  METHOD TO PREDICT TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AN ASPHALT BINDER , 2002 .

[5]  D. Piotrowski,et al.  [Introduction to rheology]. , 1982, Acta haematologica Polonica.

[6]  F. Brauns.  The chemistry of lignin , 1952 .

[7]  Emmanuel Chailleux,et al.  A mathematical-based master-curve construction method applied to complex modulus of bituminous materials , 2006 .

[8]  Justinus A. Satrio,et al.  Utilization of Fractionated Bio Oil in Asphalt , 2009 .

[9]  R. Woodhams,et al.  Polyethlene‐modified bitumen for paving applications , 1986 .

[10]  Burak Sengoz,et al.  Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen , 2008 .

[11]  Anja Oasmaa,et al.  Physical characterisation of biomass-based pyrolysis liquids: Application of standard fuel oil analyses , 1997 .

[12]  Anja Oasmaa,et al.  A guide to physical property characterisation of biomass-derived fast pyrolysis liquids. , 2001 .

[13]  S. Yaman.  Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks , 2004 .

[14]  M Marateanu,et al.  TIME-TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF ASPHALT BINDERS -- AN IMPROVED MODEL (WITH DISCUSSION) , 1996 .

[15]  D. Mohan,et al.  Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review , 2006 .

[16]  P. Kandhal.  WASTE MATERIALS IN HOT MIX ASPHALT - AN OVERVIEW , 1993 .

[17]  C. P. Tan,et al.  Comparative differential scanning calorimetric analysis of vegetable oils: II. Effects of cooling rate variation. , 2002, Phytochemical analysis : PCA.

[18]  V. Puzinauskas.  EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CEMENTS WITH EMPHASIS ON CONSISTENCIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES , 1967 .

[19]  Gordon Airey,et al.  Rheological properties of polyacrylates used as synthetic road binders , 2008 .

[20]  Wolfgang G. Glasser,et al.  Lignin: properties and materials. , 1989 .

[21]  Yang H. Huang,et al.  Pavement Analysis and Design , 1997 .

[22]  R. Saxena,et al.  Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review , 2008 .

[23]  J. W. Barrier,et al.  Experimental Production of Ethanol From Agricultural Cellulosic Materials Using Low-Temperature Acid Hydrolysis , 1986 .

[24]  Y. Nien,et al.  Investigation of flow properties of asphalt binders containing polymer modifiers , 2008 .

[25]  M. Demirbas,et al.  Recent advances on the production and utilization trends of bio-fuels: A global perspective , 2006 .

[26]  Anja Oasmaa,et al.  Quality Improvement of Pyrolysis Liquid: Effect of Light Volatiles on the Stability of Pyrolysis Liquids , 2005 .

[27]  Akwasi A. Boateng,et al.  Chemical Composition of Bio-oils Produced by Fast Pyrolysis of Two Energy Crops † , 2008 .

[28]  C. P. Tan,et al.  Comparative differential scanning calorimetric analysis of vegetable oils: I. Effects of heating rate variation. , 2002, Phytochemical analysis : PCA.

[29]  Jinsong Zhou,et al.  Research on biomass fast pyrolysis for liquid fuel , 2004 .

[30]  M. Ladisch,et al.  Assessment of ethanol production options for corn products , 1996 .

[31]  M. Huggins.  Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers. , 1961 .

[32]  Dinesh Mohan,et al.  Pyrolysis of Wood and Bark in an Auger Reactor: Physical Properties and Chemical Analysis of the Produced Bio-oils , 2008 .

[33]  R. Williams,et al.  The Utilization of Agriculturally Derived Lignin as an Antioxidant in Asphalt Binder , 2007 .

[34]  Richard J.A. Gosselink,et al.  Characterisation of structure-dependent functional properties of lignin with infrared spectroscopy , 2004 .

[35]  Prithvi S. Kandhal,et al.  Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design and Construction , 1996 .

[36]  Tatiana Dizhbite,et al.  Characterization of the radical scavenging activity of lignins--natural antioxidants. , 2004, Bioresource technology.

[37]  D. Radlein,et al.  The composition of oils obtained by the fast pyrolysis of different woods , 1987 .

[38]  Debabrata Das,et al.  Hydrogen from biomass , 2003 .

[39]  Woojin Lee,et al.  Fast pyrolysis of Oil Mallee Woody Biomass : Effect of temperature on the yield and quality of pyrolysis products , 2008 .

[40]  Stefan Czernik,et al.  Stability of wood fast pyrolysis oil , 1994 .

[41]  R. Bothast,et al.  Biotechnological processes for conversion of corn into ethanol , 2005, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[42]  A. Boateng,et al.  Microstructure development of chars derived from high-temperature pyrolysis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hulls , 2007 .