Generation of voltage-mode OTRA-based multifunction biquad filter

With the dual input-and-output characteristics of the well-known operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), the operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) is attractive to be used in circuit design. Applying a new analytical synthesis method, a low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass biquad filter without capacitors in feedback loops using three OTRAs, two capacitors, and several resistors is presented. Based upon component sensitivity tendency and variation amount, just properly adjusting one or two resistances by a small difference, or giving approximate component values for achieving precise output responses is investigated and developed in this paper. Null group sensitivities are also simulated and validated in this paper.

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