Associations Between Trans Fatty Acid Consumption and Colon Cancer Among Whites and African Americans in the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study I

Disparities in incidence andmortality rates of colon cancer exist between Whites and African Americans. Prior studies examined the association between trans fatty acid consumption and colorectal cancer, but none assessed this possible relationship within a large study population of African Americans and Whites. Using data from a population-based, case-control study in North Carolina, we investigated this association with attention to possible racial differences. Cases and matched controls were queried on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical history, and diet.Cases reported higher daily consumption (g/day) of trans fatty acids (mean = 5.9, SD = 2.9, median = 5.5, IQR = 3.8−7.5) compared to controls (mean = 5.2, SD = 2.4, median = 4.7, IQR = 3.5−6.4). Energy-adjusted trans fatty acid consumption was not associated with colon cancer. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of consumption, those in the highest quartile had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 1.49) for Whites and 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.61, 1.62) for African Americans. No association was found between increased consumption of trans fatty acid and specific tumor location (proximal or distal colon). In conclusion, trans fatty acid consumption is not associated with colon cancer and does not contribute to disparities in colon cancer rates.

[1]  Christopher F. Martin,et al.  Consumption of trans-fatty acid and its association with colorectal adenomas. , 2008, American journal of epidemiology.

[2]  S. O'keefe,et al.  Nutrition and colonic health: the critical role of the microbiota , 2008, Current opinion in gastroenterology.

[3]  A. Tenesa,et al.  Dietary fatty acids and colorectal cancer: a case-control study. , 2007, American journal of epidemiology.

[4]  S. Basu,et al.  Dietary supplementation with 11trans- and 12trans-18:1 and oxidative stress in humans. , 2006, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[5]  W. Stillwell,et al.  Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease. , 2006, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[6]  Mark A Pereira,et al.  Trans fatty acids, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. , 2006, Nutrition reviews.

[7]  U. Risérus.  Trans fatty acids and insulin resistance. , 2006, Atherosclerosis. Supplements.

[8]  R. Burger,et al.  Use of a dummy (pacifier) during sleep and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): population based case-control study , 2005, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[9]  N. Z. Ehtesham,et al.  Differential effects of dietary saturated and trans-fatty acids on expression of genes associated with insulin sensitivity in rat adipose tissue. , 2005, European journal of endocrinology.

[10]  J. S. Solís Herruzo,et al.  Colorectal cancer: influence of diet and lifestyle factors. , 2005, Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva.

[11]  N. Cook,et al.  Dietary fat and fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer in women. , 2004, American journal of epidemiology.

[12]  Christopher F. Martin,et al.  Food groups and colon cancer risk in African‐Americans and Caucasians , 2004, International journal of cancer.

[13]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and systemic inflammation in women. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[14]  Christopher F. Martin,et al.  Associations of total energy and macronutrients with colon cancer risk in African Americans and Whites: results from the North Carolina colon cancer study. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[15]  C. Bernal,et al.  Metabolic effects of trans fatty acids on an experimental dietary model. , 2003, The British journal of nutrition.

[16]  B. Shatenstein,et al.  Assessment of risk associated with specific fatty acids and colorectal cancer among French-Canadians in Montreal: a case-control study. , 2003, International journal of epidemiology.

[17]  E. Giovannucci.  Insulin, insulin-like growth factors and colon cancer: a review of the evidence. , 2001, The Journal of nutrition.

[18]  J. Potter,et al.  Trans-Fatty Acids and Colon Cancer , 2001, Nutrition and cancer.

[19]  B E Ainsworth,et al.  Validation of the Stanford 7-day recall to assess habitual physical activity. , 2001, Annals of epidemiology.

[20]  A. Medline,et al.  Possible mechanisms relating diet and risk of colon cancer. , 2000, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[21]  B E Ainsworth,et al.  Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. , 2000, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[22]  S. Greenland,et al.  A second look at the relation between colorectal adenomas and consumption of foods containing partially hydrogenated oils. , 2000, Epidemiology.

[23]  S. Greenland,et al.  A case-control study of colorectal adenomatous polyps and consumption of foods containing partially hydrogenated oils. , 1999, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[24]  W. Willett.  Implications of Total Energy Intake for Epidemiologic Analyses , 1998 .

[25]  E. Giovannucci,et al.  The role of fat, fatty acids, and total energy intake in the etiology of human colon cancer. , 1997, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[26]  A. Wilmink,et al.  Overview of the epidemiology of colorectal cancer , 1997, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[27]  A. Whittemore,et al.  The relationship between dietary fat intake and risk of colorectal cancer: evidence from the combined analysis of 13 case-control studies , 1997, Cancer Causes & Control.

[28]  C. Rao,et al.  Effect of amount and types of dietary fat on intestinal bacterial 7α-dehydroxylase and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and colonic mucosal diacylglycerol kinase and PKC activities during different stages of colon tumor promotion , 1996 .

[29]  C R Weinberg,et al.  Randomized recruitment in case-control studies. , 1991, American journal of epidemiology.

[30]  G. Giles,et al.  Cancer in migrants to Australia: extending the descriptive epidemiological data. , 1988, Cancer research.

[31]  G Block,et al.  A data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing. , 1986, American journal of epidemiology.

[32]  Meir J. Stampfer,et al.  Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses. , 1986, American journal of epidemiology.

[33]  K. Vranizan,et al.  Assessment of habitual physical activity by a seven-day recall in a community survey and controlled experiments. , 1985, American journal of epidemiology.

[34]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer Statistics, 2007 , 2007, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[35]  U. Ajani.  United States cancer statistics; 2004 incidence and mortality , 2007 .

[36]  E. Riboli,et al.  The second expert report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective , 2007 .

[37]  Wcr Fund.  Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective , 2007 .

[38]  J. Baron,et al.  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cancer prevention. , 2000, Annual review of medicine.

[39]  C. Rao,et al.  Effect of amount and types of dietary fat on intestinal bacterial 7 alpha-dehydroxylase and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C and colonic mucosal diacylglycerol kinase and PKC activities during stages of colon tumor promotion. , 1996, Cancer research.

[40]  J. Hardcastle,et al.  Colorectal cancer , 1993, Europe Against Cancer European Commission Series for General Practitioners.

[41]  F. Lahey.  [Cancers of the colon and rectum]. , 1952, Archivos medicos de Cuba.