Project Scheduling Under Resource Constraints: A Recent Survey

Due to the fact that project scheduling under resource constraints problem is one of the most intractable problems in Operations Research, it has recently become a popular area for the latest optimization techniques, including virtually all local search paradigms. The sheer diversity and momentum of activity has made developments in project scheduling increasingly difficult to track and assimilate. This paper provides a highlevel bibliography, structured overview and limited critique of nine project scheduling under resource constraints problems; resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP), preemptive resource-constrained project scheduling problem (PRCPSP), generalized resource-constrained project scheduling problem (GRCPSP) , resource-constrained project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relations (RCPSP-GPR), Time/cost trade-off problems (TCTP) , Discrete time/resource trade-off problems (DTRP), Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems (MRCPSP), Resource levelling problems (RLP) and Resource-constrained project scheduling with discounted cash flows (RCPSDC). The current developments, strengths, and weaknesses of the scheduling approaches to the stated problems are considered.

[1]  Sanjay Verma Exact Methods for the Preemptive Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem , 2006 .

[2]  Mohammad Khalilzadeh,et al.  An optimal procedure for minimizing total weighted resource tardiness penalty costs in the resource-constrained project scheduling problem , 2012, Comput. Ind. Eng..

[3]  Roland Heilmann,et al.  Discrete Optimization A branch-and-bound procedure for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with minimum and maximum time lags , 2002 .

[4]  Shih-Wei Lin,et al.  Hybrid-directional planning: improving improvement heuristics for scheduling resource-constrained projects , 2008 .

[5]  Bijan Sarkar,et al.  An Evolutionary Algorithm for Multi-criteria Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem based On PSO , 2012 .

[6]  Sönke Hartmann,et al.  Project Scheduling with Multiple Modes: A Genetic Algorithm , 2001, Ann. Oper. Res..

[7]  Eric Sanlaville,et al.  Linear programming based algorithms for preemptive and non-preemptive RCPSP , 2007, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[8]  Rema Padman,et al.  Heuristic scheduling of resource‐constrained projects with cash flows , 1997 .

[9]  K. Raja,et al.  Multi-project scheduling using an heuristic and a genetic algorithm , 2006 .

[10]  K. Bouleimen,et al.  A new efficient simulated annealing algorithm for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem and its multiple mode version , 2003, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[11]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  The discrete time/cost trade-off problem: extensions and heuristic procedures , 2007 .

[12]  Jürgen Zimmermann,et al.  Exact methods for the resource levelling problem , 2011, J. Sched..

[13]  R. Kolisch,et al.  Heuristic algorithms for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem: Classification and computational analysis , 1998 .

[14]  Rainer Kolisch,et al.  PSPLIB - a project scheduling problem library , 1996 .

[15]  Peter Brucker,et al.  A branch and bound algorithm for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem , 1998, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[16]  Bert De Reyck,et al.  A branch-and-bound procedure for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relations , 1998, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[17]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling using RCPSP and SAT solvers , 2011, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[18]  Chiuh-Cheng Chyu,et al.  Economic optimization of resource-constrained project scheduling: a two-phase metaheuristic approach , 2009, Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C.

[19]  S.A. Torabi,et al.  Scatter search for multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management.

[20]  Mario Vanhoucke New computational results for the discrete time/cost trade-off problem with time-switch constraints , 2005 .

[21]  Mohammad Khalilzadeh,et al.  A Scatter Search Algorithm for the RCPSP with Discounted Weighted Earliness-Tardiness Costs , 2011 .

[22]  Andreas Drexl,et al.  Nonpreemptive multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling , 1993 .

[23]  Mario Vanhoucke A Genetic Algorithm for Net Present Value Maximization for Resource Constrained Projects , 2009, EvoCOP.

[24]  Masao Mori,et al.  A genetic algorithm for multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem , 1997, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[25]  Majid Sabzehparvar,et al.  A mathematical model for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with mode dependent time lags , 2008, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[26]  Bert De Reyck,et al.  An optimal procedure for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows and generalized precedence relations , 1998, Comput. Oper. Res..

[27]  Richard C. Grinold,et al.  The payment scheduling problem , 1972 .

[28]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  An Artificial Immune System for the Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem , 2009, EvoCOP.

[29]  Mohammad Ranjbar,et al.  A hybrid scatter search for the discrete time/resource trade-off problem in project scheduling , 2009, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[30]  Sanjay Srivastava,et al.  Project Scheduling: Time-Cost Tradeoff Problems , 2010 .

[31]  Hong Zhang Ant Colony Optimization for Multimode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling , 2012 .

[32]  Bert De Reyck,et al.  A hybrid scatter search/electromagnetism meta-heuristic for project scheduling , 2006, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[33]  Dwight E. Smith-Daniels,et al.  USING A LATE-START RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED PROJECT SCHEDULE TO IMPROVE PROJECT NET PRESENT VALUE* , 1987 .

[34]  Vinícius Amaral Armentano,et al.  Scatter search for project scheduling with resource availability cost , 2006, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[35]  Jonathan F. Bard,et al.  Disruption management for resource-constrained project scheduling , 2005, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[36]  Bassem Jarboui,et al.  A combinatorial particle swarm optimization for solving multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems , 2008, Appl. Math. Comput..

[37]  Federico Barber,et al.  Multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling: scheduling schemes, priority rules and mode selection rules , 2006, Inteligencia Artif..

[38]  Francisco Ballestín,et al.  Justification and RCPSP: A technique that pays , 2005, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[39]  Erik Demeulemeester,et al.  Local search methods for the discrete time/resource trade‐off problem in project networks , 1998 .

[40]  Jürgen Zimmermann,et al.  A steepest ascent approach to maximizing the net present value of projects , 2001, Math. Methods Oper. Res..

[41]  Ofer Zwikael,et al.  Using sliding frame approach for scheduling large and complex projects , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management.

[42]  Y. Kochetov,et al.  Evolutionary Local Search with Variable Neighborhood for the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem , 2003 .

[43]  Shu-Cherng Fang,et al.  An Electromagnetism-like Mechanism for Global Optimization , 2003, J. Glob. Optim..

[44]  Federico Barber,et al.  An efficient hybrid genetic algorithm for scheduling projects with resource constraints and multiple execution modes , 2009 .

[45]  Hong Zhang,et al.  Particle swarm optimization for resource-constrained project scheduling , 2006 .

[46]  Rolf H. Möhring,et al.  On project scheduling with irregular starting time costs , 2001, Oper. Res. Lett..

[47]  Can Akkan,et al.  Network decomposition-based benchmark results for the discrete time-cost tradeoff problem , 2005, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[48]  Gündüz Ulusoy,et al.  Four Payment Models for the Multi-Mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with Discounted Cash Flows , 2001, Ann. Oper. Res..

[49]  R. Kolisch,et al.  Heuristic algorithms for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem: classification and computational analysis , 1999 .

[50]  B Afshar Nadjafi,et al.  The preemptive resource-constrained project scheduling problem subject to due dates and preemption penalties: An integer programming approach , 2010 .

[51]  Francisco Ballestín,et al.  An evolutionary algorithm for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with minimum and maximum time lags , 2011, J. Sched..

[52]  Grzegorz Waligóra,et al.  Simulated Annealing for Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling , 2001, Ann. Oper. Res..

[53]  Gerhard Friedrich,et al.  Extending the RCPSP for modeling and solving disruption management problems , 2008, Applied Intelligence.

[54]  Javier Roca,et al.  Solving an Extended Resource Leveling Problem with Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms , 2008 .

[55]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  An Efficient Hybrid Search Algorithm for Various Optimization Problems , 2006, EvoCOP.

[56]  Erik Demeulemeester,et al.  On Maximizing the Net Present Value of a Project Under Renewable Resource Constraints , 2001, Manag. Sci..

[57]  Erik Demeulemeester,et al.  Optimal procedures for the discrete time/cost trade-off problem in project networks , 1996 .

[58]  K. Haase,et al.  Experiences with Fine-Grained Parallel Genetic Algorithms , 1996 .

[59]  W. Verdini,et al.  Nonlinear time/cost tradeoff models in project management , 1995 .

[60]  edited by Jospeh Y-T. Leung,et al.  Handbook of scheduling , 2013 .

[61]  Narendra Jussien,et al.  Constraint programming for dynamic scheduling problems , 2004 .

[62]  Tristan B. Smith,et al.  An Effective Algorithm for Project Scheduling with Arbitrary Temporal Constraints , 2004, AAAI.

[63]  Rainer Kolisch,et al.  PSPLIB - A project scheduling problem library: OR Software - ORSEP Operations Research Software Exchange Program , 1997 .

[64]  RAINER KOLISCH,et al.  Local search for nonpreemptive multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling , 1997 .

[65]  Arno Sprecher,et al.  Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling by a simple, general and powerful sequencing algorithm , 1998, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[66]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  Using resource scarceness characteristics to solve the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem , 2011, J. Heuristics.

[67]  Dicky C. K. Yan,et al.  Designing tributary networks with multiple ring families , 1998, Comput. Oper. Res..

[68]  Erik Demeulemeester,et al.  An efficient optimal solution procedure for the preemptive resource-constrained project scheduling problem , 1996 .

[69]  Francisco Ballestín,et al.  Pre-emption in resource-constrained project scheduling , 2008, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[70]  Prabuddha De,et al.  The discrete time-cost tradeoff problem revisited , 1995 .

[71]  De-bi Tsao,et al.  Solving resource-constrained project scheduling problems with bi-criteria heuristic search techniques , 2003 .

[72]  Concepción Maroto,et al.  A Robust Genetic Algorithm for Resource Allocation in Project Scheduling , 2001, Ann. Oper. Res..

[73]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  Vlerick Leuven Gent Working Paper Series 2006/15 the Impact of Various Activity Assumptions on the Lead-time and Resource Utilization of Resource-constrained Projects the Impact of Various Activity Assumptions on the Lead-time and Resource Utilization of Resource-constrained Projects Vlerick Leuven , 2022 .

[74]  V. Jorge Leon,et al.  Strength and adaptability of problem-space based neighborhoods for resource-constrained scheduling , 1995 .

[75]  Michel Gourgand,et al.  Particle swarm optimization: A study of particle displacement for solving continuous and combinatorial optimization problems , 2009 .

[76]  Mohammad A. Ammar,et al.  Resource constrained project scheduling using simulation , 2002 .

[77]  Michele Lombardi,et al.  Optimal methods for resource allocation and scheduling: a cross-disciplinary survey , 2011, Constraints.

[78]  Grzegorz Waligóra,et al.  Simulated annealing and tabu search for multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling with positive discounted cash flows and different payment models , 2005, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[79]  Christian Artigues,et al.  Insertion techniques for static and dynamic resource-constrained project scheduling , 2003, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[80]  N. Trautmann,et al.  A priority-rule method for project scheduling with work-content constraints , 2010, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[81]  Yeong-Dae Kim,et al.  Search Heuristics for Resource Constrained Project Scheduling , 1996 .

[82]  María Pilar Tormos,et al.  A Competitive Heuristic Solution Technique for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling , 2001, Ann. Oper. Res..

[83]  Tarek Hegazy,et al.  Optimization of Resource Allocation and Leveling Using Genetic Algorithms , 1999 .

[84]  Ray Wild,et al.  Optimization Algorithms for Networks and Graphs , 1980 .

[85]  Klaus Neumann,et al.  Truncated branch-and-bound, schedule-construction, and schedule-improvement procedures for resource-constrained project scheduling , 2001, OR Spectr..

[86]  Rema Padman,et al.  Early-tardy cost trade-offs in resource constrained projects with cash flows: An optimization-guided heuristic approach , 1993 .

[87]  Erik Demeulemeester An optimal recursive search procedure for the deterministic unconstrained max-nvp project scheduling problem , 1996 .

[88]  Mario Vanhoucke,et al.  A genetic algorithm for the preemptive and non-preemptive multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem , 2010, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[89]  Elliott N. Weiss,et al.  Local search techniques for the generalized resource constrained project scheduling problem , 1993 .

[90]  B De Reyck,et al.  An optimal procedure for the unconstrained max-NPV project scheduling problem with generalized precedence relations , 1996 .

[91]  Stephen F. Smith,et al.  A Constraint-Based Method for Project Scheduling with Time Windows , 2002, J. Heuristics.

[92]  Heng Li,et al.  Multimode Project Scheduling Based on Particle Swarm Optimization , 2006, Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastructure Eng..

[93]  Mohammad Ranjbar,et al.  Solving the discrete time/resource trade-off problem in project scheduling with genetic algorithms , 2007, Appl. Math. Comput..

[94]  Philippe Michelon,et al.  A constraint programming approach for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem , 2007, Ann. Oper. Res..

[95]  Robert A. Russell,et al.  A comparison of heuristics for scheduling projects with cash flows and resource restrictions , 1986 .

[96]  Stephen F. Smith,et al.  Boosting stochastic problem solvers through online self-analysis of performance , 2003 .

[97]  Dietmar Jannach,et al.  Handling Airport Ground Processes Based on Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling , 2006, IEA/AIE.

[98]  Linet Özdamar,et al.  A genetic algorithm approach to a general category project scheduling problem , 1999, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C.

[99]  V. Maniezzo,et al.  An Exact Algorithm for the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem Based on a New Mathematical Formulation , 1998 .

[100]  Christian Artigues,et al.  Constraint-Propagation-Based Cutting Planes: An Application to the Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem , 2005, INFORMS J. Comput..

[101]  Cord-Ulrich Fündeling Priority-Rule Methods for Project Scheduling with Work Content Constraints , 2006, OR.

[102]  Sönke Hartmann,et al.  A competitive genetic algorithm for resource-constrained project scheduling , 1998 .

[103]  Erik Demeulemeester,et al.  Project scheduling : a research handbook , 2002 .

[104]  Sönke Hartmann,et al.  Project scheduling with multiple modes: A comparison of exact algorithms , 1998, Networks.

[105]  J. Christopher Beck,et al.  Constraint-directed techniques for scheduling alternative activities , 2000, Artif. Intell..

[106]  U. Dorndorf,et al.  A Time-Oriented Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling with Generalised Precedence Constraints , 2000 .

[107]  Erik Demeulemeester,et al.  The discrete time/resource trade-off problem in project networks: a branch-and-bound approach , 2000 .