Endoscopy in celiac disease

Purpose of review The primary objective of this review is to highlight the evidence for the role of endoscopy in celiac disease. Recent findings Evidence is presented that the endoscopic markers of celiac disease are specific although not sensitive for the disease. Villous atrophy, the hallmark of celiac disease, is patchy in the duodenum, and various techniques may identify areas of villous atrophy. These methods include magnification endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. The most recent innovation, video capsule endoscopy, may be of value in the diagnosis of celiac disease and in the assessment of patients with complicated celiac disease. Summary Endoscopy and duodenal biopsies are the mainstay for diagnosing celiac disease. Although characteristic endoscopic features may be useful, their absence does not exclude celiac disease. Random biopsy, even of normal-appearing mucosa is necessary for the diagnosis of celiac disease.

[1]  I. Floriani,et al.  Celiac Disease and Intestinal Metaplasia of the Esophagus (Barrett’s Esophagus) , 2005, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[2]  F. Mascart,et al.  Antiendomysial and antihuman recombinant tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a biopsy-proven European multicentre study , 2005, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[3]  William Dickey,et al.  Disappointing sensitivity of endoscopic markers for villous atrophy in a high-risk population: implications for celiac disease diagnosis during routine endoscopy , 2001, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[4]  T. Karttunen,et al.  Clinical characteristics of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis , 2004, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[5]  G. Corazza,et al.  Unsuspected celiac disease diagnosed by endoscopic visualization of duodenal bulb micronodules. , 1996, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[6]  M. Mazzilli,et al.  Gluten-sensitive disease with mild enteropathy. , 1996, Gastroenterology.

[7]  A. Dawson,et al.  The existence of inflammatory bowel lesions in gluten-sensitive enteropathy. , 1979, Postgraduate medical journal.

[8]  G. Corazza,et al.  Endoscopic demonstration of loss of duodenal folds in the diagnosis of celiac disease. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  E. Smecuol,et al.  Usefulness of videoduodenoscopy and vital dye staining as indicators of mucosal atrophy of celiac disease: assessment of interobserver agreement. , 1998, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[10]  A. Dawson,et al.  Metachronous small-bowel adenocarcinoma in coeliac disease: gluten-free diet is not protective. , 1998, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[11]  John F. Rockart,et al.  Editor’s comments , 2005, MIS Q. Executive.

[12]  A. Smith,et al.  A prospective endoscopic study of scalloped folds and grooves in the mucosa of the duodenum as signs of villous atrophy. , 1998, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[13]  R. Williamson,et al.  Adenocarcinoma and Lymphoma of the Small Intestine: Distribution and Etiologic Associations , 1983, Annals of surgery.

[14]  A. Gasbarrini,et al.  Lack of endoscopic visualization of intestinal villi with the "immersion technique" in overt atrophic celiac disease. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[15]  T. Wu,et al.  Lymphocytic gastritis: association with etiology and topology. , 1999, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[16]  A. Fasano,et al.  All that scallops is not celiac disease. , 2000, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[17]  P. Green,et al.  Narrative Review: Celiac Disease: Understanding a Complex Autoimmune Disorder , 2005, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[18]  D. Branski,et al.  Histologic evaluation of endoscopic versus suction biopsies of small intestinal mucosae in children with and without celiac disease. , 1998, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[19]  L. Memeo,et al.  Duodenal histology in patients with celiac disease after treatment with a gluten-free diet. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[20]  P. Cotton,et al.  Small bowel biopsy for malabsorption: comparison of the diagnostic adequacy of endoscopic forceps and capsule biopsy specimens. , 1985, British medical journal.

[21]  D. Frank,et al.  Esophagitis dissecans superficialis associated with celiac disease. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[22]  W. Dickey,et al.  Erosions in the second part of the duodenum in patients with villous atrophy. , 2004, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[23]  G. Holmes,et al.  Association of coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. , 1980, Gut.

[24]  C. Lightdale,et al.  Combined magnification endoscopy with chromoendoscopy in the evaluation of patients with suspected malabsorption. , 1997, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[25]  Shou-Jiang Tang,et al.  Given® Capsule Endoscopy in Celiac Disease: Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy and Interobserver Agreement , 2005, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[26]  C. Goresky,et al.  Scalloped valvulae conniventes: an endoscopic marker of celiac sprue. , 1988, Gastroenterology.

[27]  M N Marsh,et al.  Gluten, major histocompatibility complex, and the small intestine. A molecular and immunobiologic approach to the spectrum of gluten sensitivity ('celiac sprue'). , 1992, Gastroenterology.

[28]  L. Brandt,et al.  Scalloping of the valvulae conniventes and mosaic mucosa in tropical sprue. , 1991, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[29]  P. Collin.  New diagnostic findings in coeliac disease. , 1999, Annals of medicine.

[30]  W. Dickey,et al.  Histology of the terminal ileum in coeliac disease , 2004, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[31]  L. Burgart,et al.  The insensitivity of endoscopic markers in celiac disease , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[32]  E. Mauriño,et al.  Endoscopic markers of celiac disease , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[33]  V. Petrozza,et al.  Usefulness of endoscopic small intestinal biopsies in children with coeliac disease. , 2001, Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia.

[34]  B. Lebwohl,et al.  Changing Presentation of Adult Celiac Disease , 2003, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[35]  A. Hays,et al.  Celiac neuropathy , 2003, Neurology.

[36]  G. Nardone,et al.  Reflux oesophagitis in adult coeliac disease: beneficial effect of a gluten free diet , 2003, Gut.

[37]  W. Tanner,et al.  Duodeno-jejunal adenocarcinoma as a first presentation of coeliac disease. , 1996, Journal of clinical pathology.

[38]  E. Achkar,et al.  Endoscopic small bowel mucosal biopsy: a controlled trial evaluating forceps size and biopsy location in the diagnosis of normal and abnormal mucosal architecture. , 1989, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[39]  McCarthy Cf,et al.  The endoscopic demonstration of coeliac disease. , 1976 .

[40]  E. Mauriño,et al.  Letter to the editorEndoscopic markers of celiac disease , 2002 .

[41]  C. H. Mason,et al.  Duodeno-jejunal adenocarcinoma and coeliac disease. , 1997, Journal of clinical pathology.

[42]  B. Lukie,et al.  Duodenal adenocarcinoma complicating celiac sprue , 1980, Digestive Diseases and Sciences.

[43]  Lu Shan,et al.  Structural Basis for Gluten Intolerance in Celiac Sprue , 2002, Science.

[44]  D. Sanders,et al.  Association of adult coeliac disease with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study in patients fulfilling ROME II criteria referred to secondary care , 2001, The Lancet.

[45]  F. Stevens,et al.  The Endoscopic Demonstration of Coeliac Disease , 1976, Endoscopy.

[46]  C. Ciacci,et al.  Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic disease in coeliac disease , 2000, European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.

[47]  M. Sivak,et al.  Comparison of suction capsule and endoscopic biopsy of small bowel mucosa. , 1986, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[48]  S. Griffin,et al.  Duodenal adenocarcinoma complicating coeliac disease , 1991, Histopathology.

[49]  G. Corazza,et al.  Coeliac disease , 2005, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[50]  A. Tursi,et al.  Endoscopic features of celiac disease in adults and their correlation with age, histological damage, and clinical form of the disease. , 2002, Endoscopy.

[51]  A. Dannenberg,et al.  Multifocal adenocarcinoma of the proximal small intestine in a patient with celiac sprue. , 1989, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[52]  D. Nelson,et al.  Small-intestinal and Gastric Abnormalities in Ulcerative Colitis , 1965, British medical journal.

[53]  E. Smecuol,et al.  Characterization of gastric mucosal lesions in patients with celiac disease: a prospective controlled study , 1999, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[54]  G. Holmes,et al.  Adenocarcinoma of the upper small bowel complicating coeliac disease. , 1980, Gut.

[55]  D. Graham,et al.  Endoscopic demonstration of transient small bowel intussusception in a patient with adult celiac disease. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[56]  K. Forde,et al.  Small bowel neoplasia in coeliac disease , 2003, Gut.

[57]  S. Marsch,et al.  [Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in celiac disease. Case report and literature review]. , 1990, Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift.

[58]  L. Burgart,et al.  Etiology of nonresponsive celiac disease: results of a systematic approach , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[59]  K. D. Fine,et al.  Colonic histopathology in untreated celiac sprue or refractory sprue: is it lymphocytic colitis or colonic lymphocytosis? , 1998, Human pathology.

[60]  P. Green,et al.  Scalloping of duodenal mucosa in Crohn's disease. , 2004, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[61]  J. Maxwell,et al.  Impact of endoscopic duodenal biopsy on the detection of small intestinal villous atrophy. , 1991, Postgraduate medical journal.

[62]  D. Sanders,et al.  High-magnification immersion chromoscopic duodenoscopy permits visualization of patchy atrophy in celiac disease: an opportunity to target biopsies of abnormal mucosa. , 2003, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[63]  J. Kleibeuker,et al.  Duodenal versus jejunal biopsies in suspected celiac disease. , 2004, Endoscopy.

[64]  A. Neugut,et al.  Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Celiac Disease , 2005, Inflammatory bowel diseases.

[65]  M. Bardella,et al.  Reevaluation of duodenal endoscopic markers in the diagnosis of celiac disease. , 2000, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[66]  M. Losowsky,et al.  Patchiness and duodenal-jejunal variation of the mucosal abnormality in coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. , 1976, Gut.

[67]  L. Brandt,et al.  Congo-red negative colonic amyloid with scalloping of the valvulae conniventes. , 2001, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[68]  P. Green,et al.  Celiac disease and other precursors to small-bowel malignancy. , 2003, Gastroenterology clinics of North America.

[69]  H. Freeman.  Collagenous Colitis as the Presenting Feature of Biopsy-Defined Celiac Disease , 2004, Journal of clinical gastroenterology.

[70]  L. Melton,et al.  Trends in the identification and clinical features of celiac disease in a North American community, 1950-2001. , 2003, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[71]  K. D. Fine,et al.  High prevalence of celiac sprue-like HLA-DQ genes and enteropathy in patients with the microscopic colitis syndrome , 2000, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[72]  M. Mazzilli,et al.  Patchy Villous Atrophy of the Duodenum in Childhood Celiac Disease , 2004, Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.

[73]  D. Lieberman,et al.  Variation in Small Bowel Biopsy Performance among Diverse Endoscopy Settings: Results from a National Endoscopic Database , 2004, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[74]  C. Åhrén,et al.  Coeliac disease diagnosed by means of duodenoscopy and endoscopic duodenal biopsy. , 1977, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[75]  N. Brousse,et al.  Push enteroscopy in celiac sprue and refractory sprue. , 1999, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[76]  J. Murray,et al.  Celiac disease and recurrent pancreatitis. , 1999, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[77]  K. D. Fine,et al.  The prevalence and causes of chronic diarrhea in patients with celiac sprue treated with a gluten-free diet. , 1997, Gastroenterology.

[78]  Moshe Rubin,et al.  The value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with complicated celiac disease. , 2005, Gastrointestinal endoscopy.

[79]  C. Ciacci,et al.  Esophageal Impairment in Adult Celiac Disease With Steatorrhea , 1998, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[80]  S. O'mahony,et al.  The pattern of involvement of the gastric mucosa in lymphocytic gastritis is predictive of the presence of duodenal pathology. , 1999, Journal of clinical pathology.

[81]  G. de Petris,et al.  Collagenous gastritis associated with lymphocytic gastritis and celiac disease. , 2009, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[82]  P. Isaacson,et al.  Endoscopic duodenal biopsies in coeliac disease and duodenitis. , 1979, Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.

[83]  V. Villanacci,et al.  Variability of Histologic Lesions in Relation to Biopsy Site in Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy , 2005, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.