Analysis of Inertia Characteristics of Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator in Micro-Grid

Micro-grid has received extensive attention as an effective way to absorb new energy. Compared to large power systems, the micro-grid system consisting of power electronics is relatively weak due to the lack of support for synchronous machines. In this paper, the direct-drive wind turbine (WT) is connected to the low-inertia micro-grid as the research background. Based on the virtual inertia control of the WT, the inertia source and the physical mechanism of the WT connected to the micro-grid system are studied. The inertia characteristics of the rotor of the WT on the electromechanical time-scale, the DC side capacitor on the DC voltage time-scale, and the simulated grid under the droop control are analyzed. The research results show that under the control of the system, the inertia of the system is derived from the WT, DC capacitor, and the micro-grid simulated by droop control converter. The equivalent inertia of each link is determined by the control parameters, steady-state operating point, and structural parameters. The resulting inertia characteristics will have frequency domain characteristics under control. Finally, the correctness of the system inertia analysis conclusion is verified by simulation and experiment.