Paper-based enzyme immobilization for flow injection electrochemical biosensor integrated with reagent-loaded cartridge toward portable modular device.

Paper-based enzyme immobilization for a flow injection electrochemical biosensor integrated with a reagent-loaded cartridge toward a portable device was developed. A paper disk was immobilized with enzyme, then it was integrated in a flow cell as an electrochemical biosensor. A silicon tube reagent-loaded cartridge was integrated into the system, a complicated procedure was simplified as a one-click operation toward development for point-of-care applications. In this research, glucose oxidase (GOx) was employed as a model enzyme, silver ion as an inhibition reagent for GOx, and EDTA as a regeneration reagent. When GOx was inhibited by silver ions, glucose was introduced for electrochemical measurements before and after inhibited enzyme regeneration and the difference was caused by silver inhibition. The modular device has great potential for other applications, e.g., detection of enzyme activity and substrate. The platform based on double-test mode provided accurate results due to elimination of an average or control value in comparison with classical routine approaches.

[1]  Wei Wang,et al.  Tree-shaped paper strip for semiquantitative colorimetric detection of protein with self-calibration. , 2010, Journal of chromatography. A.

[2]  Dan Du,et al.  Biomonitoring of organophosphorus agent exposure by reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme based on carbon nanotube-enhanced flow-injection amperometric detection. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[3]  Andrés Illanes,et al.  Enzyme biocatalysis : principles and applications , 2008 .

[4]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Simple telemedicine for developing regions: camera phones and paper-based microfluidic devices for real-time, off-site diagnosis. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[5]  Robert Pelton,et al.  Detection of DNA using bioactive paper strips. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[6]  Axel Günther,et al.  Sample dispersion for segmented flow in microchannels with rectangular cross section. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  M. E. Ryan,et al.  Gas‐assisted fluid displacement in a circular tube and a rectangular channel , 2002 .

[8]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Analytical Electrochemistry: Wang/Analytical Electrochemistry, Third Edition , 2006 .

[9]  Emanuel Carrilho,et al.  Paper-based analytical device for electrochemical flow-injection analysis of glucose in urine. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[10]  Wei Wang,et al.  Paper disk on screen printed electrode for one-step sensing with an internal standard. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  Antonio Turco,et al.  Inhibitive determination of metal ions by an amperometric glucose oxidase biosensor: Study of the effect of hydrogen peroxide decomposition , 2008 .

[12]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Patterned paper as a platform for inexpensive, low-volume, portable bioassays. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  Samuel K Sia,et al.  Reagent-loaded cartridges for valveless and automated fluid delivery in microfluidic devices. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  M. Lotti.  Cholinesterase inhibition: complexities in interpretation. , 1995, Clinical chemistry.

[15]  J. L. Delaney,et al.  Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection in paper-based microfluidic sensors. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[16]  Emanuel Carrilho,et al.  Paper-based ELISA. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[17]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Diagnostics for the developing world: microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  Iman Shahidi Pour Savizi,et al.  Amperometric sulfide detection using Coprinus cinereus peroxidase immobilized on screen printed electrode in an enzyme inhibition based biosensor. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  Weian Zhao,et al.  Lab on paper. , 2008, Lab on a chip.

[20]  Dan Du,et al.  Integrated lateral flow test strip with electrochemical sensor for quantification of phosphorylated cholinesterase: biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus agents. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  G. Seong,et al.  Measurement of enzyme kinetics using a continuous-flow microfluidic system. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  Elo Harald Hansen,et al.  Flow-injection enzymatic assays , 1989 .

[23]  S. Aguirre,et al.  Paper-based bioassays using gold nanoparticle colorimetric probes. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.