Opacity of Nondeterministic Transition Systems: A (Bi)Simulation Relation Approach

In this paper, we propose several opacity-preserving (bi)simulation relations for nondeterministic transition systems (NTSs) in terms of initial-state opacity, current-state opacity, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula>-step opacity, and infinite-step opacity. We also show how one can leverage quotient constructions to compute such relations. As a result, although the opacity verification problem for infinite NTSs is generally undecidable, if one can find such an opacity-preserving relation from an infinite NTS to a finite one, the (lack of) opacity of the infinite NTS can be easily verified over the finite one, which is decidable.

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