Advanced modulation techniques in OCDMA system

Advance modulation techniques such as differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK) and code-shift-keying (CSK) modulation with balanced detection has been proposed and demonstrated in high capacity asynchronous optical code division access (OCDMA) system using different encoding/decoding schemes to beat the MAI noise and enhance the security.