Internal Models, Tracking Strategies, and Dual-Task Performance

The effects of internal models and tracking strategies on workload were investigated in a dual-task, second-order tracking and auditory detection experiment. Internal models and tracking strategies were manipulated by providing subjects with augmenting cues. A control group was compared with two groups provided with different kinds of display augmentation, parabola or point cues, during single-task tracking training. The display augmentation had the effect of changing tracking strategy as subjects practiced on cued and noncued trials, and it had an effect on the internal models developed. Both point and parabola augmentation reduced workload when displayed on the cued trials. On the noncued trials, the parabola augmentation, training had the effect of reducing the workload, compared with the point augmentation, even if the parabola cues were not displayed. A control group that did not change strategy during training also had low workload requirements in the dual task. The results indicate that a consistent tracking strategy or the development of a visually based internal model is needed to lessen the workload.

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