A PMU-based voltage security assessment framework using hoeffding-tree-based learning

According to the proposed definition and classification of power system stability addressed by IEEE and CIGRE Task Force, voltage stability refers to the stability of maintaining the steady voltage magnitudes at all buses in a power system when the system is subjected to a disturbance from a given operating condition (OC). Cascading outage due to voltage collapse is a probable consequence during insecure voltage situations. In this regard, fast responding and reliable voltage security assessment (VSA) is effective and indispensable for system to survive in conceivable contingencies. This paper aims at establishing an online systematic framework for voltage security assessment with high-speed data streams from synchrophasors and phasor data concentrators (PDCs). Periodically updated decision trees (DTs) have been applied in different subjects of security assessments in power systems. However, with a training data set of operating conditions that grows rapidly, re-training and restructuring a decision tree becomes a time-consuming process. Hoeffding-tree-based method constructs a learner that is capable of memory management to process streaming data without retaining the complete data set for training purposes in real-time and guarantees the accuracy of learner. The proposed approach of voltage security assessment based on Very Fast Decision Tree (VFDT) system is tested and evaluated by the IEEE 118-bus standard system.

[1]  J. Thorp,et al.  Optimal secondary voltage-VAR control using pilot point information structure , 1984, The 23rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[2]  Bin Wang,et al.  Optimal Voltage Control of PJM Smart Transmission Grid: Study, Implementation, and Evaluation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[3]  Ruisheng Diao,et al.  Decision Tree-Based Online Voltage Security Assessment Using PMU Measurements , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[4]  Anne Kuefer,et al.  Voltage Stability Of Electric Power Systems , 2016 .

[5]  Lamine Mili,et al.  A hierarchical decentralized coordinated voltage instability detection scheme for SVC , 2015, 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS).

[6]  Miao He,et al.  Robust Online Dynamic Security Assessment Using Adaptive Ensemble Decision-Tree Learning , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[7]  Maarouf Saad,et al.  A Decentralized Control of Partitioned Power Networks for Voltage Regulation and Prevention Against Disturbance Propagation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  Simon Fong,et al.  A Very Fast Decision Tree Algorithm for Real-Time Data Mining of Imperfect Data Streams in a Distributed Wireless Sensor Network , 2012, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[9]  Louis Wehenkel,et al.  Decision tree approaches to voltage security assessment , 1993 .

[10]  James S. Thorp,et al.  Synchronized Phasor Measurement Applications in Power Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[11]  Horst Bischof,et al.  On-line Random Forests , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops.

[12]  Geoff Hulten,et al.  Mining high-speed data streams , 2000, KDD '00.

[13]  Zhe Chen,et al.  A Systematic Approach for Dynamic Security Assessment and the Corresponding Preventive Control Scheme Based on Decision Trees , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Rui Sun,et al.  Capacitor bank model validation with particle swarm optimization algorithm , 2016, 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM).

[15]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting , 1997, EuroCOLT.

[16]  Emanuel Bernabeu,et al.  Methodology for a Security/Dependability Adaptive Protection Scheme Based on Data Mining , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[17]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting , 1995, EuroCOLT.

[18]  Yilu Liu,et al.  ARMAX-Based Transfer Function Model Identification Using Wide-Area Measurement for Adaptive and Coordinated Damping Control , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[19]  P. Kessel,et al.  Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System , 1986, IEEE Power Engineering Review.