Crop-based systems for sustainable risk-based land management for economically marginal damaged land

The increasing need for biomass for energy and feedstocks, along with the need to divert organic methane generating wastes from landfills, may provide the economic leverage necessary to return this type of marginal land to functional and economic use and is strongly supported by policy at the European Union (EU) level. The use of land to produce biomass for energy production or feedstocks for manufacturing processes (such as plastics and biofuels) has, however, become increasingly contentious, with a number of environmental, economic, and social concerns raised. The REJUVENATE project has developed a decision support framework to help land managers and otherdecisionmakersidentifypotentialconcernsrelatedtosustainabilityandwhattypesofbiomass reuseformarginallandmightbepossible,giventheirparticularcircumstances.Thedecision-making framework takes a holistic approach to decision making rather than viewing biomass production simply as an adjunct of a planned phytoremediation project. The framework is serviceable in Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These countries have substantive differences in their land and biomass reuse circumstances. However, all can make use of the set of common principles of crop, site, value, and project risk management set out by REJUVENATE. This implies that the

[1]  Alan J. M. Baker,et al.  The possibility of in situ heavy metal decontamination of polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants , 1994 .

[2]  P. Putwain,et al.  Woody biomass phytoremediation of contaminated brownfield land. , 2006, Environmental pollution.

[3]  Richard Boyle,et al.  Applying sustainable development principles to contaminated land management using the SuRF-UK framework , 2011 .

[4]  S. Carpenter,et al.  Reconsideration of the planetary boundary for phosphorus , 2011 .

[5]  P. Bardos,et al.  Biofuel and other biomass based products from contaminated sites - Potentials and barriers from Swedish perspectives , 2009 .

[6]  David A. Bohan,et al.  A novel, integrated approach to assessing social, economic and environmental implications of changing rural land-use: A case study of perennial biomass crops , 2009 .

[7]  Van Camp Godelieve,et al.  Reports of the Technical Working Groups Established under the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection.Vol. IV: Contamination and Land Management. , 2004 .

[8]  Danielle. Sinnett,et al.  Best Practice Guidance for Land Regeneration Note 5: Imported soil or soil-forming materials placement , 2006 .

[9]  G. Brundtland,et al.  Our common future , 1987 .

[10]  C. P. Nathanail,et al.  Sustainable Brownfield Regeneration , 2011 .

[11]  Lawrence P. Abrahamson,et al.  Effect of organic amendments and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on willow biomass production and soil chemical characteristics , 2003 .

[12]  B. Dale,et al.  Biofuels, land use change, and greenhouse gas emissions: some unexplored variables. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[13]  Ingo Müller,et al.  Developing decision support tools for the selection of "gentle" remediation approaches. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[14]  Judith Haensler.  Phytoremediation schwermetallbelasteter Böden durch einjährige Pflanzen in Einzel- und Mischkultur , 2003 .

[15]  M. Golabi,et al.  Value of Composted Organic Wastes As an Alternative to Synthetic Fertilizers For Soil Quality Improvement and Increased Yield , 2007 .

[16]  Review of methods to measure bioaerosols from composting sites , 2009 .

[17]  Félix A. López,et al.  Effects of Linz‐Donawitz (LD) slag on soil properties and pasture production in the Basque country (Northern Spain) , 1995 .

[18]  Jean-Paul Schwitzguébel,et al.  Successes and limitations of phytotechnologies at field scale: outcomes, assessment and outlook from COST Action 859 , 2010 .

[19]  Keith A. Smith,et al.  N 2 O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels , 2007 .

[20]  Jaco Vangronsveld,et al.  Short-Rotation Coppice of Willow for Phytoremediation of a Metal-Contaminated Agricultural Area: A Sustainability Assessment , 2009, BioEnergy Research.

[21]  J. McCarthy,et al.  ES&T Features: Subsurface transport of contaminants , 1989 .

[22]  J. Vangronsveld,et al.  Phytostabilization of a metal contaminated sandy soil. II: Influence of compost and/or inorganic metal immobilizing soil amendments on metal leaching. , 2006, Environmental pollution.

[23]  Raymond L D Whitby,et al.  Use of iron-based technologies in contaminated land and groundwater remediation: a review. , 2008, The Science of the total environment.

[24]  Jeremy Wingate.  Development of novel charcoals for the sorption and transformation of heavy metals in contaminated land , 2008 .

[25]  L. Marmo,et al.  EU strategies and policies on soil and waste management to offset greenhouse gas emissions. , 2008, Waste management.

[26]  Biofuelling Poverty: Why the EU renewable fuel target may be disastrous for poor people , 2007 .

[27]  J. McCarthy,et al.  Subsurface transport of contaminants , 1989 .

[28]  Suthan S. Suthersan,et al.  Natural and Enhanced Remediation Systems , 2001 .

[29]  B J Foley,et al.  Paper mill residuals and compost effects on soil carbon and physical properties. , 2002, Journal of environmental quality.

[30]  B. E. Miller,et al.  Partitioning the Nutrient and Nonnutrient Contributions Of Compost to Dryland-Organic Wheat , 2002 .

[31]  R. Matthews,et al.  A modelling analysis of the potential for soil carbon sequestration under short rotation coppice willow bioenergy plantations , 2002 .

[32]  J. Last.  Our common future. , 1987, Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique.

[33]  J. White,et al.  Uptake of weathered p,p′-DDE by plant species effective at accumulating soil elements , 2005 .

[34]  X. Hua,et al.  Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil in China , 2007 .

[35]  J McGlade,et al.  The European Environment: State and Outlook 2005 , 2005 .

[36]  M. Pagliai,et al.  Soil structure and the effect of management practices , 2004 .

[37]  H. Janzen,et al.  An approach for estimating net primary productivity and annual carbon inputs to soil for common agricultural crops in Canada , 2007 .

[38]  Harry A. J. Hoitink,et al.  NEW APPROACHES TO COMPOST MATURITY , 1990 .

[39]  Scott D. Cunningham,et al.  Phytoremediation of Lead-Contaminated Soils: Role of Synthetic Chelates in Lead Phytoextraction , 1997 .

[40]  J Vangronsveld,et al.  Phytostabilization of a metal contaminated sandy soil. I: Influence of compost and/or inorganic metal immobilizing soil amendments on phytotoxicity and plant availability of metals. , 2006, Environmental pollution.

[41]  Andy Lane,et al.  Biomass, remediation, re-generation (bioregen life project): Reusing brownfield sites for renewable energy crops , 2008 .

[42]  M. Curran,et al.  A review of assessments conducted on bio-ethanol as a transportation fuel from a net energy, greenhouse gas, and environmental life cycle perspective , 2007 .

[43]  P. Bardos,et al.  Environmental impact assessment of biofuel production on contaminated land - Swedish case studies , 2009 .

[44]  Steven C. McCutcheon,et al.  Making Phytoremediation a Successful Technology , 2004 .

[45]  J. Pichtel,et al.  Comparison of Amendments and Management Practices for Long‐Term Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Lands , 1994 .

[46]  S. G. McRae,et al.  Soil-forming Materials: Their Use in Land Reclamation , 1999 .

[47]  Enzo Favoino,et al.  HEAVY METALS AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM WASTES USED AS ORGANIC FERTILISERS , 2004 .

[48]  C. Paul Nathanail,et al.  Sustainability and Remediation , 2011 .

[49]  D. Mays,et al.  Municipal Compost: Effects on Crop Yields and Soil Properties 1 , 1973 .

[50]  P. Humphreys,et al.  Assessing The Potential of Short Rotation Coppice (Src) for Cleanup of Radionuclidecontaminated Sites , 2005, International journal of phytoremediation.

[51]  William F. Laurance,et al.  How Green Are Biofuels? , 2008, Science.