Osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on β-tricalcium phosphate/poly (l-lactic acid/caprolactone) three-dimensional scaffolds

Functional tissue engineering for bone augmentation requires the appropriate combination of biomaterials, mesenchymal stem cells, and specific differentiation factors. Therefore, we investigated the morphology, attachment, viability, and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells cultured in xeno-free conditions in human serum medium seeded on β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(l-lactic acid/caprolactone) three-dimensional biomaterial scaffold. Additionally, osteogenic inducers dexamethasone and vitamin D3 were compared to achieve osteogenic differentiation. Dental pulp stem cells cultured in human serum medium maintained their morphology; furthermore, cells attached, remained viable, and increased in cell number within the scaffold. Alkaline phosphatase staining showed the osteogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells under the influence of osteogenic medium containing vitamin D3 or dexamethasone within the scaffolds. Maintenance of dental pulp stem cells for 14 days in osteogenic medium containing vitamin D3 resulted in significant increase in osteogenic markers as shown at mRNA level in comparison to osteogenic medium containing dexamethasone. The results of this study show that osteogenic medium containing vitamin D3 osteo-induced dental pulp stem cells cultured in human serum medium within β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(l-lactic acid/caprolactone) three-dimensional biomaterial, which could be directly translated clinically.

[1]  A. Koivisto,et al.  The effects of vibration loading on adipose stem cell number, viability and differentiation towards bone-forming cells , 2011, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[2]  C. Misch.  Maxillary autogenous bone grafting. , 2011, Dental clinics of North America.

[3]  P. Eickholz,et al.  Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis after active periodontal therapy: patient-related and tooth-related prognostic factors. , 2011, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[4]  M. Kassem,et al.  Human Serum is as Efficient as Fetal Bovine Serum in Supporting Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Multipotent Stromal (Mesenchymal) Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo , 2011, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.

[5]  S. Böhm,et al.  Different populations and sources of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC): A comparison of adult and neonatal tissue-derived MSC , 2011, Cell Communication and Signaling.

[6]  G. Papaccio,et al.  Methods for the Identification, Characterization and Banking of Human DPSCs: Current Strategies and Perspectives , 2011, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.

[7]  Robert E Guldberg,et al.  Differences between in vitro viability and differentiation and in vivo bone-forming efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on PCL-TCP scaffolds. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[8]  P. Juiz-Lopez,et al.  Regenerative Facial Reconstruction of Terminal Stage Osteoradionecrosis and Other Advanced Craniofacial Diseases with Adult Cultured Stem and Progenitor Cells , 2010, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[9]  R. P. John,et al.  An overview of the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[10]  R. Suuronen,et al.  Vitamin D3 metabolites induce osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp and human dental follicle cells , 2010, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

[11]  Hossein Hosseinkhani,et al.  Proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell on collagen sponge reinforced with polypropylene/polyethylene terephthalate blend fibers. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[12]  L. Mathieu,et al.  Augmentation of bone defect healing using a new biocomposite scaffold: an in vivo study in sheep. , 2010, Acta biomaterialia.

[13]  M. Ueda,et al.  A feasibility of useful cell-based therapy by bone regeneration with deciduous tooth stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, or bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for clinical study using tissue engineering technology. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[14]  R. Varshney,et al.  Microsphere-based drug releasing scaffolds for inducing osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. , 2010, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[15]  N Selvamurugan,et al.  Role of nanofibrous poly(caprolactone) scaffolds in human mesenchymal stem cell attachment and spreading for in vitro bone tissue engineering--response to osteogenic regulators. , 2010, Tissue engineering. Part A.

[16]  G. Varga,et al.  Differentiation potential of stem cells from human dental origin - promise for tissue engineering. , 2009, Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society.

[17]  L. Laino,et al.  Human mandible bone defect repair by the grafting of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells and collagen sponge biocomplexes. , 2009, European cells & materials.

[18]  M. Vemuri,et al.  Serum-free, xeno-free culture media maintain the proliferation rate and multipotentiality of adipose stem cells in vitro. , 2009, Cytotherapy.

[19]  D. Strunk,et al.  Human Alternatives to Fetal Bovine Serum for the Expansion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Bone Marrow , 2009, Stem cells.

[20]  M. Jäger,et al.  Cord Blood—An Alternative Source for Bone Regeneration , 2009, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.

[21]  Feng Zhang,et al.  In-vitro osteogenesis of synovium stem cells induced by controlled release of bisphosphate additives from microspherical mesoporous silica composite. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[22]  R. Suuronen,et al.  Novel maxillary reconstruction with ectopic bone formation by GMP adipose stem cells. , 2009, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[23]  Filippo Causa,et al.  Polylactic acid fibre-reinforced polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[24]  S. Willerth,et al.  Combining Stem Cells and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Constructing Tissues and Cell Delivery , 2008, StemJournal.

[25]  M. Sampaolesi,et al.  Human postnatal dental pulp cells co-differentiate into osteoblasts and endotheliocytes: a pivotal synergy leading to adult bone tissue formation , 2007, Cell Death and Differentiation.

[26]  J. Laine,et al.  N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid Xenoantigen Contamination of Human Embryonic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Substantially Reversible , 2007, Stem cells.

[27]  N. Boiret-Dupré,et al.  Cell Culture Medium Composition and Translational Adult Bone Marrow‐Derived Stem Cell Research , 2006, Stem cells.

[28]  Andreas Lendlein,et al.  Design and preparation of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering , 2006, Expert review of medical devices.

[29]  J. Jansen,et al.  Multilineage differentiation potential of stem cells derived from human dental pulp after cryopreservation. , 2006, Tissue engineering.

[30]  Clemens A van Blitterswijk,et al.  Bone regeneration: molecular and cellular interactions with calcium phosphate ceramics , 2006, International journal of nanomedicine.

[31]  Yunsong Liu,et al.  Is 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 an ideal substitute for dexamethasone for inducing osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in vitro? , 2006, Chinese medical journal.

[32]  F. Carinci,et al.  Long‐term cryopreservation of dental pulp stem cells (SBP‐DPSCs) and their differentiated osteoblasts: A cell source for tissue repair , 2006, Journal of cellular physiology.

[33]  J. Gutmann,et al.  Biodegradable porous calcium polyphosphate scaffolds for the three-dimensional culture of dental pulp cells. , 2006, International endodontic journal.

[34]  F. Carinci,et al.  In Vitro Bone Production Using Stem Cells Derived From Human Dental Pulp , 2006, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[35]  Cunxian Song,et al.  The in vivo degradation, absorption and excretion of PCL-based implant. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[36]  Katrine Frønsdal,et al.  In Vitro Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Choice of Serum Is a Determinant of Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Gene Expression, and Transcriptome Stability , 2005, Stem cells.

[37]  Mario Calvitti,et al.  Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Immunosuppressive Activity Can Be Easily Isolated from Dental Pulp , 2005, Transplantation.

[38]  Fulin Chen,et al.  Anchoring dental implant in tissue-engineered bone using composite scaffold: a preliminary study in nude mouse model. , 2005, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[39]  Dietmar W Hutmacher,et al.  Current strategies for cell delivery in cartilage and bone regeneration. , 2004, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[40]  G. Vunjak‐Novakovic,et al.  Mechanical Stimulation Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on 3-D Partially Demineralized Bone Scaffolds In Vitro , 2004, Calcified Tissue International.

[41]  Anthony J. Smith.  Vitality of the dentin-pulp complex in health and disease: growth factors as key mediators. , 2003, Journal of dental education.

[42]  A. Boyde,et al.  Stem Cell Properties of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells , 2002, Journal of dental research.

[43]  Lonnie D Shea,et al.  Drug-releasing scaffolds fabricated from drug-loaded microspheres. , 2002, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[44]  M. Pfaffl,et al.  A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. , 2001, Nucleic acids research.

[45]  N. Lang,et al.  Temporal and local appearance of alkaline phosphatase activity in early stages of guided bone regeneration. A descriptive histochemical study in humans. , 2001, Clinical oral implants research.

[46]  J. Nemzek,et al.  Retroviral Transmission in Bone Allotransplantation: The Effects of Tissue Processing , 1996, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[47]  M. McKee,et al.  Osteopontin at mineralized tissue interfaces in bone, teeth, and osseointegrated implants: Ultrastructural distribution and implications for mineralized tissue formation, turnover, and repair , 1996, Microscopy research and technique.

[48]  J. Mulliken,et al.  Donor-site morbidity after harvesting rib and iliac bone. , 1984, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[49]  M. Esposito,et al.  Timing of implant placement after tooth extraction: immediate, immediate-delayed or delayed implants? A Cochrane systematic review. , 2010, European journal of oral implantology.

[50]  R. McKay,et al.  Toward xeno-free culture of human embryonic stem cells. , 2006, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[51]  D. Prockop,et al.  Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. , 2006, Cytotherapy.

[52]  M. Hüfner,et al.  Differential regulation of Cbfa1/Runx2 and osteocalcin gene expression by vitamin‐D3, dexamethasone, and local growth factors in primary human osteoblasts , 2002, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[53]  V. Bowen,et al.  The free vascularised iliac crest tissue transfer: donor site complications associated with eighty-two cases. , 1992, British journal of plastic surgery.