The client as a complex system

Construction is a process of delivering value to the client through a temporary production system, which consists of elements shared with other projects. The completed work is a one-of-a-kind product assembled at a temporary production facility, the site. This is a very complex production system that has been studied extensively over a number of years. Some members of the International Group for Lean Construction (IGLC) have recently used the complexity point of view to try to understand this system and to create guidelines on how to better manage it. The production system is, however, only one part of the process. The other part, and one worthy of more extensive investigation, is the client. The term 'client' tends to imply a person or a well-defined body of persons that act as a single entity. In the majority of projects this is not the case. The 'client' is a representative for a number of - often conflicting - values, interests and time perspectives. A closer look can reveal that the client is just as complex as the production system. This paper examines the characteristics of the client as well as the customer-supplier relationship in the built environment, where a better understanding of client complexity may help to deliver value to a wider range of stakeholders.

[1]  Stuart D. Green.  SMART value management: a group decision support methodology for building design , 1996 .

[2]  Stuart A. Kauffman,et al.  The origins of order , 1993 .

[3]  Stephen Emmitt,et al.  Implementing value through lean design , 2004 .

[4]  Lauri Koskela,et al.  An exploration towards a production theory and its application to construction , 2000 .

[5]  Sven Bertelsen,et al.  Construction as a Complex System , 2003 .

[6]  Sven Bertelsen,et al.  BRIDGING THE GAPS - TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION , 2002 .

[7]  David M. Raup,et al.  How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality , 1997 .

[8]  Lauri Koskela,et al.  MANAGING THE THREE ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION , 2002 .

[9]  Sven Bertelsen,et al.  COMPLEXITY – CONSTRUCTION IN A NEW PERSPECTIVE , 2003 .

[10]  M. Mitchell Waldrop,et al.  Complexity : the emerging science and the edge of order and chaos , 1992 .

[11]  S. Kauffman.  At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity , 1995 .

[12]  Heinz-Otto Peitgen,et al.  The beauty of fractals - images of complex dynamical systems , 1986 .

[13]  Per Bak,et al.  How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organised Criticality , 1997 .

[14]  E. Lorenz,et al.  The essence of chaos , 1993 .

[15]  Peter H. Richter,et al.  The Beauty of Fractals , 1988, 1988.

[16]  Herbert A. Simon,et al.  The Sciences of the Artificial , 1970 .

[17]  Tariq S. Abdelhamid,et al.  The Self-Destruction and Renewal of Lean Construction Theory: A Prediction From Boyd's Theory , 2004 .

[18]  M. Mitchell Waldrop,et al.  Complexity : the emerging science and the edge of order and chaos , 1992 .

[19]  Stephen Wilson,et al.  The Beauty of Fractals: Images of Complex Dynamical Systems by Heinz Otto Peitgen, Peter Richter (review) , 2017 .