The Radical SAM Enzyme BlsE Catalyzes a Radical Mediated 1,2-Diol Dehydration during the Biosynthesis of Blasticidin S

The biosynthesis of blasticidin S has drawn attention due to the participation of the radical SAM enzyme BlsE. The original assignment of BlsE as a radical mediated, redox neutral decarboxylase is unusual, because this reaction appears to serve no biosynthetic purpose and would need to be reversed by a subsequent carboxylation step. Furthermore, with the exception of BlsE, all other radical SAM decarboxylases reported to date are oxidative in nature. Careful analysis of the BlsE reaction, however, demonstrates lyase that catalyzes the dehydration of cytosylglucuronic acid (CGA) to form cytosyl-4 ′ -keto-3 ′ -deoxy- D -glucuronic acid, which can rapidly decarboxylate nonenzymatically in vitro. Analysis of substrate isotopologs, fluorinated analogs, as well as computational models based on X-ray crystal structures of the BlsE·SAM (2.09 Å) and BlsE·SAM·CGA (2.62 Å) complexes suggests that BlsE catalysis likely proceeds via direct elimination of water from the CGA C4 ′ α -hydroxyalkyl radical as opposed to 1, 2-migration of the C3 ′ -hydroxyl prior to dehydration. Biosynthetic and mechanistic implications of the revised assignment of BlsE are discussed.

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