Ethanol production from H2 and CO2 by a newly isolated thermophilic bacterium, Moorella sp. HUC22-1

The thermophilic bacterium, Moorella sp. HUC22-1, newly isolated from a mud sample, produced ethanol from H2 and CO2 during growth at 55 °C. In batch cultures in serum bottles, 1.5 mm ethanol was produced from 270 mm H2 and 130 mm CO2 after 156 h, whereas less than 1 mm ethanol was produced from 23 mm fructose after 33 h. Alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were higher in cells grown with H2 and CO2 than those grown with fructose. The NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ ratios in cells grown with H2 and CO2 were also higher than those in cells grown with fructose. When the culture pH was controlled at 5 with H2 and CO2 in a fermenter, ethanol production was 3.7-fold higher than that in a pH-uncontrolled culture after 220 h.

[1]  H. Drake,et al.  Effect of nitrate on the autotrophic metabolism of the acetogens Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum , 1996, Journal of bacteriology.

[2]  Rathin Datta,et al.  Evidence for production of n-butanol from carbon monoxide by Butyribacterium methylotrophicum , 1991 .

[3]  L. Ljungdahl,et al.  Fermentation of Glucose, Fructose, and Xylose by Clostridium thermoaceticum: Effect of Metals on Growth Yield, Enzymes, and the Synthesis of Acetate from CO2 , 1973, Journal of bacteriology.

[4]  H. Simon,et al.  Reduction of 2‐Enoates and Alkanoates with Carbon Monoxide or Formate, Viologens, and Clostridium thermoaceticum to Saturated Acids and Unsaturated and Saturated Alcohols , 1987 .

[5]  H. Drake,et al.  Ecological consequences of the phylogenetic and physiological diversities of acetogens , 2002, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

[6]  G. Barrow,et al.  Cowan and Steel's Manual for the identification of medical bacteria: Introduction , 1993 .

[7]  Henry Naveau,et al.  Clostridium autoethanogenum, sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium that produces ethanol from carbon monoxide , 1994, Archives of Microbiology.

[8]  Ka-Yiu San,et al.  Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli: increase of NADH availability by overexpressing an NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase. , 2002, Metabolic engineering.

[9]  R. Tanner,et al.  Clostridium ljungdahlii sp. nov., an acetogenic species in clostridial rRNA homology group I. , 1993, International journal of systematic bacteriology.

[10]  S. Goodison,et al.  16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study , 1991, Journal of bacteriology.

[11]  R. E. Hungate.  Chapter IV A Roll Tube Method for Cultivation of Strict Anaerobes , 1969 .

[12]  T. Miller,et al.  A serum bottle modification of the Hungate technique for cultivating obligate anaerobes. , 1974, Applied microbiology.

[13]  Yutaka Nakashimada,et al.  Hydrogen production of Enterobacter aerogenes altered by extracellular and intracellular redox states , 2002 .

[14]  D. T. Jones,et al.  Acetone-butanol fermentation revisited. , 1986, Microbiological reviews.

[15]  H. Simon,et al.  Clostridium thermoaceticum forms methanol from carbon monoxide in the presence of viologen dyes , 1987 .

[16]  Peter Dürre,et al.  Production and Utilization of Ethanol by the Homoacetogen Acetobacterium woodii , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[17]  H. Bergmeyer,et al.  Methods of enzymatic analysis. Third edition. 7. Metabolites 2: tri- and dicarboxylic acids, purines, pyrimidines and derivatives, coenzymes, inorganic compounds. , 1985 .

[18]  P. Soucaille,et al.  Regulation of carbon and electron flow in Clostridium acetobutylicum grown in chemostat culture at neutral pH on mixtures of glucose and glycerol , 1994, Journal of bacteriology.

[19]  N. Nishio,et al.  Mutual Conversion between H_2 Plus CO_2 and Formate by a Formate-Utilizing Methanogen , 1983 .

[20]  N. Nishio,et al.  Enhancement of (R,R)-2,3-butanediol production from xylose by Paenibacillus polymyxa at elevated temperatures , 2004, Biotechnology Letters.

[21]  J. Wimpenny,et al.  Levels of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Facultative Bacteria and the Effect of Oxygen , 1972, Journal of bacteriology.

[22]  J. Zeikus,et al.  Ethanol production by thermophilic bacteria: biochemical basis for ethanol and hydrogen tolerance in Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum , 1988, Journal of bacteriology.

[23]  N. Nishio,et al.  Metabolic analysis of acetate accumulation during xylose consumption by Paenibacillus polymyxa , 2004, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.