Direction of arrival estimation using array of antennas for low-altitude targets in multi-path environment

The multi-path phenomenon can degrade the direction estimation of arrival in radar systems. Without considering this phenomenon, it is possible to consider the multi-path signal in place of the true signal. In this study, a practical model is developed for radar signals received in flat areas such as deserts. After the modelling process including the presentation of received signals and their formulation, the authors suggest the maximum likelihood (ML) decision to estimate the elevation angle of the targets. Afterwards, by considering the relevant issues, they promote the ML method over the maximum a posteriori decision and the windowing decision. This model and its estimation are very useful in practical applications, particularly in low peak power and low probability of intercept radars.

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