effects of drug pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, characteristics of medication use, and relevant pharmacological interventions on fall risk in elderly patients

Background: Falls among the elderly are an issue internationally and a public health problem that brings substantial economic and quality-of-life burdens to individuals and society. Falls prevention is an important measure of nursing quality and patient safety. Numerous studies have evaluated the association of medication use with fall risk in elderly patients. However, an up-to-date review has not been available to summarize the multifaceted pharmaceutical concerns in the prevention of medication-related falls.

[1]  Quan Zhou,et al.  Medication administration errors made by nurses reflect the level of pharmacy administration and hospital information infrastructure. , 2014, Journal of clinical nursing.

[2]  H. José,et al.  Medication fall risk in old hospitalized patients: a retrospective study. , 2014, Nurse education today.

[3]  M. Farlow,et al.  Medication for Alzheimer’s Disease and Associated Fall Hazard: A Retrospective Cohort Study from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative , 2014, Drugs & Aging.

[4]  K. Aoyagi,et al.  Falls are associated with stroke, arthritis and multiple medications among community-dwelling elderly persons in Japan. , 2013, The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine.

[5]  P. Lips,et al.  The elimination half-life of benzodiazepines and fall risk: two prospective observational studies. , 2013, Age and ageing.

[6]  A. Abu-Hanna,et al.  Different Risk-Increasing Drugs in Recurrent versus Single Fallers: Are Recurrent Fallers a Distinct Population? , 2013, Drugs & Aging.

[7]  Susan Shur-Fen Gau,et al.  Risk factors for falling in psychiatric inpatients: a prospective, matched case-control study. , 2013, Journal of psychiatric research.

[8]  S. Lord,et al.  Angiotensin System–Blocking Medications Are Associated with Fewer Falls over 12 Months in Community‐Dwelling Older People , 2013, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[9]  P. Austin,et al.  The risk of falls on initiation of antihypertensive drugs in the elderly , 2013, Osteoporosis International.

[10]  J. Iwamoto,et al.  Vitamin D reduces falls and hip fractures in vascular Parkinsonism but not in Parkinson’s disease , 2013, Therapeutics and clinical risk management.

[11]  B. Cronstein,et al.  Greater Number of Narcotic Analgesic Prescriptions for Osteoarthritis Is Associated with Falls and Fractures in Elderly Adults , 2013, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[12]  M. Hannan,et al.  Psychotropic drug initiation or increased dosage and the acute risk of falls: a prospective cohort study of nursing home residents , 2013, BMC Geriatrics.

[13]  R. Payne,et al.  Association Between Prescribing of Cardiovascular and Psychotropic Medications and Hospital Admission for Falls or Fractures , 2013, Drugs & Aging.

[14]  David L. Buckeridge,et al.  Medication-Related Falls in the Elderly , 2012, Drugs & Aging.

[15]  T. Bauer,et al.  Fall risk increasing drugs and injuries of the frail elderly — evidence from administrative data , 2012, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[16]  L. Hale,et al.  Fall risk associated with inpatient medications. , 2012, American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

[17]  N. Speybroeck,et al.  Inappropriate Prescribing and Related Hospital Admissions in Frail Older Persons According to the STOPP and START Criteria , 2012, Drugs & Aging.

[18]  Yumin Zhao,et al.  Medication Use and Associated Risk of Falling in a Geriatric Outpatient Population , 2012, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[19]  Y. Ouchi,et al.  Polypharmacy as a risk for fall occurrence in geriatric outpatients , 2012, Geriatrics & gerontology international.

[20]  T. V. D. van der Cammen,et al.  Dose-response relationship between selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and injurious falls: a study in nursing home residents with dementia. , 2012, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[21]  D. Kiel,et al.  New loop diuretic prescriptions may be an acute risk factor for falls in the nursing home , 2012, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[22]  David L. Buckeridge,et al.  The effectiveness of a new generation of computerized drug alerts in reducing the risk of injury from drug side effects: a cluster randomized trial , 2012, J. Am. Medical Informatics Assoc..

[23]  H. Tzeng,et al.  Is There a Link Between the Hospital-Acquired Injurious Fall Rates in US Acute Care Hospitals and These Institutions’ Implementation Levels of Computerized Systems? , 2011, Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN.

[24]  D. Kiel,et al.  Antidepressant prescriptions: an acute window for falls in the nursing home. , 2011, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[25]  Y. Ouchi,et al.  Association of polypharmacy with fall risk among geriatric outpatients , 2011, Geriatrics & gerontology international.

[26]  J. Hippisley-Cox,et al.  Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study , 2011, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[27]  Lun-Hui Ho,et al.  Medical conditions and medications as risk factors of falls in the inpatient older people: a case–control study , 2011, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[28]  Ellen M Frick,et al.  How the medication review can help to reduce risk of falls in older patients , 2011, JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants.

[29]  G. Hankey,et al.  Quality use of medicines and health outcomes among a cohort of community dwelling older men: an observational study. , 2011, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[30]  C. Vogler,et al.  Hypnosedative Use and Predictors of Successful Withdrawal in New Patients Attending a Falls Clinic , 2010, Drugs & aging.

[31]  Michael L. Johnson,et al.  Risk of Falls and Fractures in Older Adults Using Antipsychotic Agents , 2010, Drugs & aging.

[32]  Mary T. Roth,et al.  Impact of enhanced pharmacologic care on the prevention of falls: a randomized controlled trial. , 2010, The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy.

[33]  F. Sung,et al.  Polypharmacy Correlates With Increased Risk for Hip Fracture in the Elderly: A Population-Based Study , 2010, Medicine.

[34]  Sarah Lewis,et al.  Risk of falls associated with antihypertensive medication: population-based case-control study. , 2010, Age and ageing.

[35]  T. Egawa,et al.  Medication use as a risk factor for inpatient falls in an acute care hospital: a case-crossover study. , 2010, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[36]  J Merlo,et al.  Psychotropic drugs and falling accidents among the elderly: a nested case control study in the whole population of Scania, Sweden , 2010, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.

[37]  D. Kiel,et al.  Poor adherence to medications may be associated with falls. , 2010, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[38]  P. Bemt,et al.  CYP2D6*4, CYP3A5*3 and ABCB1 3435T polymorphisms and drug-related falls in elderly people , 2010, Pharmacy World & Science.

[39]  R. Varadhan,et al.  Central nervous system medication changes and falls in nursing home residents. , 2009, Geriatric nursing.

[40]  K. Mamun,et al.  Association between falls and high‐risk medication use in hospitalized Asian elderly patients , 2009, Geriatrics & gerontology international.

[41]  Yazan F. Roumani,et al.  Number and dosage of central nervous system medications on recurrent falls in community elders: the Health, Aging and Body Composition study. , 2009, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[42]  K. Suemaru,et al.  Relationship between the risk of falling and drugs in an academic hospital. , 2008, Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

[43]  G. Zammit,et al.  Use of computerized dynamic posturography to assess balance in older adults after nighttime awakenings using zolpidem as a reference. , 2008, BMC geriatrics.

[44]  H. Pols,et al.  Cost Effectiveness of Withdrawal of Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs in Geriatric Outpatients , 2008, Drugs & aging.

[45]  Mary T. Roth,et al.  Methodology of an ongoing, randomized controlled trial to prevent falls through enhanced pharmaceutical care. , 2008, The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy.

[46]  P. Gallagher,et al.  STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation. , 2008, International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

[47]  A. McMahon,et al.  Comparative study of modified release alpha‐blocker exposure in elderly patients with fractures , 2007, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[48]  B. Stricker,et al.  Risk of falls after withdrawal of fall-risk-increasing drugs: a prospective cohort study. , 2007, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[49]  N. Freemantle,et al.  Clinical medication review by a pharmacist of elderly people living in care homes--randomised controlled trial. , 2006, Age and ageing.

[50]  Leanne M Currie,et al.  Fall and Injury Prevention , 2006, Annual Review of Nursing Research.

[51]  P. Walker,et al.  Medication use as a risk factor for falls among hospitalized elderly patients. , 2005, American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

[52]  Victoria J. Fraser,et al.  A case-control study of patient, medication, and care-related risk factors for inpatient falls , 2005, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[53]  C. Cooper,et al.  Use of α‐blockers and the risk of hip/femur fractures , 2003, Journal of internal medicine.

[54]  S. Phillips,et al.  Clinical and economic outcomes of a fall-focused pharmaceutical intervention program. , 2003, American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.

[55]  J. de Leon,et al.  Glucuronidation enzymes, genes and psychiatry. , 2003, The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology.

[56]  C. Maxwell,et al.  Medication use and risk of falls , 2002, Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety.

[57]  J. Avorn,et al.  Hazardous benzodiazepine regimens in the elderly: effects of half-life, dosage, and duration on risk of hip fracture. , 2001, The American journal of psychiatry.

[58]  S. Volpato,et al.  Benzodiazepines with different half-life and falling in a hospitalized population: The GIFA study. Gruppo Italiano di Farmacovigilanza nell'Anziano. , 2000, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[59]  V. Mor,et al.  Oxidative and nonoxidative benzodiazepines and the risk of femur fracture. The Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use Via Epidemiology Study Group. , 2000, Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.

[60]  F Sturmans,et al.  Benzodiazepines and the risk of falling leading to femur fractures. Dosage more important than elimination half-life. , 1995, Archives of internal medicine.

[61]  B. J. Gales,et al.  Relationship Between the Administration of Selected Medications and Falls in Hospitalized Elderly Patients , 1995, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[62]  D. Greenblatt,et al.  Benzodiazepines: a summary of pharmacokinetic properties. , 1981, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[63]  A. Naeim,et al.  Fall-related injuries in elderly cancer patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study. , 2014, Journal of geriatric oncology.

[64]  K. Bennett,et al.  Inappropriate prescribing in older fallers presenting to an Irish emergency department. , 2014, Age and ageing.

[65]  O. D. de Leon-Casasola,et al.  Opioids for chronic pain: new evidence, new strategies, safe prescribing. , 2013, The American journal of medicine.

[66]  M. Harada,et al.  Use of psychotropics and the risk of falls in hospitalized psychiatric patients. , 2013, Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

[67]  J. Duysens,et al.  NSAIDs and the Risk of Accidental Falls in the Elderly , 2009, Drug safety.

[68]  W. Wu,et al.  Effects of Potentially Inappropriate Psychoactive Medications on Falls in US Nursing Home Residents , 2009, Drugs & aging.

[69]  R. Hughes Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses , 2008 .

[70]  T. Bulat,et al.  Effect of Concomitant Use of Benzodiazepines and Other Drugs on the Risk of Injury in a Veterans Population , 2005, Drug safety.