Ash1, a Daughter Cell-Specific Protein, Is Required for Pseudohyphal Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Ash1 (for asymmetric synthesis of HO) was first uncovered in genetic screens that revealed its role in mating-type switching. Ash1 prevents HO expression in daughter cells. Because Ash1 has a zinc finger-like domain related to that of the GATA family of transcription factors, it presumably acts by repressingHO transcription. Nonswitching diploid cells also express Ash1, suggesting it could have functions in addition to regulation ofHO expression. We show here that Ash1 has an essential function for pseudohyphal growth. Our epistasis analyses are consistent with the deduction that Ash1 acts separately from the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and Ste12. Similarly to the case in yeast form cells, Ash1 is asymmetrically localized to the nuclei of daughter cells during pseudohyphal growth. This asymmetric localization reveals that there is a previously unsuspected daughter cell-specific function necessary for pseudohyphal growth.

[1]  G. Fink,et al.  Methods in yeast genetics , 1979 .

[2]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[3]  R. Rothstein One-step gene disruption in yeast. , 1983, Methods in enzymology.

[4]  Nancy Kleckner,et al.  A Method for Gene Disruption That Allows Repeated Use of URA3 Selection in the Construction of Multiply Disrupted Yeast Strains , 1987, Genetics.

[5]  S. Fields,et al.  The yeast STE12 protein binds to the DNA sequence mediating pheromone induction. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  R. Sikorski,et al.  A system of shuttle vectors and yeast host strains designed for efficient manipulation of DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1989, Genetics.

[7]  B. Errede,et al.  STE11 is a protein kinase required for cell-type-specific transcription and signal transduction in yeast. , 1990, Genes & development.

[8]  L. Guarente,et al.  High-efficiency transformation of yeast by electroporation. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[9]  R. Rothstein Targeting, disruption, replacement, and allele rescue: integrative DNA transformation in yeast. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[10]  R. W. Davis,et al.  Lambda YES: a multifunctional cDNA expression vector for the isolation of genes by complementation of yeast and Escherichia coli mutations. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  R. Schiestl,et al.  Improved method for high efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells. , 1992, Nucleic acids research.

[12]  S. Orkin,et al.  GATA-binding transcription factors in hematopoietic cells. , 1992, Blood.

[13]  Gerald R. Fink,et al.  Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: Regulation by starvation and RAS , 1992, Cell.

[14]  K. Nasmyth Regulating the HO endonuclease in yeast. , 1993, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[15]  G. Fink,et al.  Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. , 1993, Science.

[16]  E. Dubois,et al.  Involvement of SRE element of Ty1 transposon in TEC1-dependent transcriptional activation. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[17]  G. Fink,et al.  Induction of pseudohyphal growth by overexpression of PHD1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene related to transcriptional regulators of fungal development , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[18]  G. Fink,et al.  Symmetric cell division in pseudohyphae of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1994, Molecular biology of the cell.

[19]  G. Fink,et al.  Elements of a single MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate two developmental programs in the same cell type: mating and invasive growth. , 1994, Genes & development.

[20]  B. Errede,et al.  MOT2 encodes a negative regulator of gene expression that affects basal expression of pheromone-responsive genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1994, Molecular and cellular biology.

[21]  S. Kron,et al.  Budding yeast morphogenesis: signalling, cytoskeleton and cell cycle. , 1995, Current opinion in cell biology.

[22]  G. Fink,et al.  SOK2 may regulate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase-stimulated growth and pseudohyphal development by repressing transcription , 1995, Molecular and cellular biology.

[23]  E. Salmon,et al.  Spindle dynamics and cell cycle regulation of dynein in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[24]  Ira Herskowitz,et al.  Identification of an Asymmetrically Localized Determinant, Ash1p, Required for Lineage-Specific Transcription of the Yeast HO Gene , 1996, Cell.

[25]  I. Herskowitz,et al.  Functional analysis of the interaction between the small GTP binding protein Cdc42 and the Ste20 protein kinase in yeast. , 1996, The EMBO journal.

[26]  K. Nasmyth,et al.  Mother Cell–Specific HO Expression in Budding Yeast Depends on the Unconventional Myosin Myo4p and Other Cytoplasmic Proteins , 1996, Cell.

[27]  J. Pringle,et al.  SPR28, a sixth member of the septin gene family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is expressed specifically in sporulating cells. , 1996, Microbiology.

[28]  G. Fink,et al.  Ras2 signals via the Cdc42/Ste20/mitogen-activated protein kinase module to induce filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  L. Bardwell,et al.  Two novel targets of the MAP kinase Kss1 are negative regulators of invasive growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1996, Genes & development.

[30]  Kim Nasmyth,et al.  Asymmetric Accumulation of Ash1p in Postanaphase Nuclei Depends on a Myosin and Restricts Yeast Mating-Type Switching to Mother Cells , 1996, Cell.

[31]  B. Errede,et al.  Cooperative binding interactions required for function of the Ty1 sterile responsive element , 1997, Molecular and cellular biology.

[32]  M. Lisanti,et al.  Gpa2p, a G-protein α-Subunit, Regulates Growth and Pseudohyphal Development in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via a cAMP-dependent Mechanism* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[33]  J. Heitman,et al.  Yeast pseudohyphal growth is regulated by GPA2, a G protein α homolog , 1997 .

[34]  J. Heitman,et al.  Yeast pseudohyphal growth is regulated by GPA2, a G protein alpha homolog. , 1997, The EMBO journal.

[35]  G. Fink,et al.  Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1997, Genetics.

[36]  G. Fink,et al.  14-3-3 Proteins Are Essential for RAS/MAPK Cascade Signaling during Pseudohyphal Development in S. cerevisiae , 1997, Cell.

[37]  G. Fink,et al.  Nonfilamentous C. albicans Mutants Are Avirulent , 1997, Cell.

[38]  E. Salmon,et al.  Identification of a Mid-anaphase Checkpoint in Budding Yeast , 1997, The Journal of cell biology.

[39]  M. Tyers,et al.  Regulation of the mating pheromone and invasive growth responses in yeast by two MAP kinase substrates , 1997, Current Biology.