Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)

ISD is a diagnosis that was described as early as the beginning of the 1900s . With the advent of the widespread use of urodynamic testing, the condition is more readily diagnosed, though, as we shall discuss, there is some controversy regarding a precise technique for diagnosis of ISD. It is defined by the Agency for Health Care Policy and research in the USA as a condition in which “the urethral sphincter is unable to coapt and generate enough resistance to retain urine in the bladder” .

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