Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memories

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the reprogrammable nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices. In the early period of development of the digital computer, the ferrite material was accepted as a gift of nature because it made the storing of large amounts of information possible and eased the construction of one of the essential parts in the computer; the memory. The requirement of high speed is met by semiconductor memories, but the low cost requirement is only in the small ones. Hence, at the moment big computers have a multilevel memory structure, in which the part (level) nearest to the CPU is made of semiconductors and the other levels are magnetic systems, such as disc and tape. Ovonics have not yet found application because of their limited number of write–erase operations, and the noncompatibility of the technology of devices and surrounding circuitry. For good charge retention in the dielectric, the dielectric layers between the storage side in the dielectric (traps, metal, or polycrystalline Si) and the outside world (gate or Si) must have high resistance.

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