New modulation scheme and voltage balancing control of modular multilevel converters for modern electric ships

The distinctive features such as fault-tolerability, modularity, power and voltage scalability have propelled modular multilevel converters (MMCs) as one of the emerging power converter topologies for marine applications. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) schemes are widely used to control the MMCs due to their good control capability and ability to operate at higher switching frequencies. However, the required number of carriers for gating signal generation drastically increases with the submodule count per arm in an MMC. Moreover, these carriers should be accurately synchronised with each other to generate high power quality waveforms. However, it is hard to establish accurate synchronisation between these carriers due to the sampling issues, memory limitations, and computational delays. In addition, the MMC demands reconfiguration of PWM carriers and control strategy for voltage scalability and retrofit applications. To avoid these issues, a simple PWM scheme using one carrier is proposed in this study. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is an easy extension to the n -level MMC with a wide range of output voltage levels. The effectiveness of the proposed PWM scheme along with the capacitor voltage balancing control is demonstrated through detailed simulations and verified experimentally under steady-state and dynamic conditions.