Leitlinienbasierte Therapie der Schizophrenie

Zusammenfassung Die S3-Praxisleitlinie Schizophrenie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) beinhaltet systematisch entwickelte und evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen mit dem Ziel, die Entscheidungen von Ärzten und Patienten über eine angemessene Behandlung in spezifischen klinischen Situationen zu unterstützen. Sie dient der Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualität und soll helfen, den Ausgang der Erkrankung günstig zu beeinflussen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt den Entstehungsprozess der Leitlinie und diskutiert ausgewählte Aspekte der Akut- und Langzeittherapie sowie der Behandlung unter besonderen Bedingungen auch anhand neuer Studienergebnisse. Die Empfehlung des bevorzugten Einsatzes von Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation (Atypika) in der Leitlinie wird mit Hinweisen auf eine überlegene Wirksamkeit auf Negativsymptome, kognitive Störungen, in der Rezidivprophylaxe und einem niedrigeren Risiko für Spätdyskinesien begründet, wobei diesen Vorteilen das bei einigen Atypika erhöhte Risiko von Gewichtszunahme, Diabetes mellitus und anderen metabolischen Störungen entgegensteht. Individuelle Behandlungsbedingungen, früheres gutes Ansprechen und die substanzabhängigen unerwünschten Wirkungen auf Stoffwechsel, Herz-Kreislaufsystem, Blutbild und Hormonstatus sind bei der Auswahl des Antipsychotikums zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Pharmakotherapie sollten phasenabhängig auch psycho- und soziotherapeutische Maßnahmen in den Gesamtbehandlungsplan routinemäßig eingebunden werden.

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