Beamforming gain degradation of array anntena at 20-GHz band in urban street canyon

In the 5G system, high frequency bands over 6 GHz (6–100 GHz) will be a key factor in providing a very wide bandwidth. To compensate for high propagation loss of the high frequency bands and improve user throughput, massive-array antennas and beamforming techniques are considered for use. Under real environment, the beamforming gains of massive-array antennas are degraded by propagation channel characteristics such as angle spread. In this paper, we evaluate beamforming gain degradations (BGDs) of array antennas at 20-GHz band in urban street canyon environment based on the measurement using a channel sounder with a uniform planar array (UPA) in a 16-by-16 matrix.