Comparative Electroadsorption Study of Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes with Various Pore Structures

Mesoporous carbons with various porous structures, such as 2-D hexagonal (P6m), 3-D cubic symmetry (Im3m), and 3-D bicontinuous (Ia3d) space groups, were used to prepare electrodes in desalinating capacitors which were used to remove ions from the saltwater solution. The parallel analysis was conducted with nitrogen adsorption–desorption, small-angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and so on. The influence of pore structure and size of mesoporous carbon electrodes and ion types on the electroadsorption processes were investigated. The hydrophilic characteristics of the carbon electrodes surface were compared by water contact angle. It is demonstrated that electroadsorption characteristics of mesoporous carbon electrodes vary for the different mesopores and different types of ions. The relationship between the electrochemical capacitive ability and ion dimensions was established. These mesoporous carbons have been proved to be promising electrode materials with good reversibility and...

[1]  Seung-eon Kim,et al.  Highly ordered mesoporous bioactive glasses with Im3m symmetry , 2007 .

[2]  Y. Gogotsi,et al.  Micro and mesoporosity of carbon derived from ternary and binary metal carbides , 2008 .

[3]  Linda Zou,et al.  Novel graphene-like electrodes for capacitive deionization. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[4]  Kang-Ho Lee,et al.  Capacitive deionization characteristics of nanostructured carbon aerogel electrodes synthesized via ambient drying , 2007 .

[5]  Lang Liu,et al.  Capacitance Limits of Activated Carbon Fiber Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolyte , 2008 .

[6]  Linda Zou,et al.  Ordered mesoporous carbons synthesized by a modified sol-gel process for electrosorptive removal of sodium chloride , 2009 .

[7]  Wen‐Cui Li,et al.  Influence of the OMCs pore structures on the capacitive performances of supercapacitor , 2009 .

[8]  H. Oda,et al.  Removal of ionic substances from dilute solution using activated carbon electrodes , 2003 .

[9]  M. S. Dresselhaus,et al.  Capacitance and Pore-Size Distribution in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Electrolytes Using Various Activated Carbon Electrodes , 2001 .

[10]  Dan Feng,et al.  A Family of Highly Ordered Mesoporous Polymer Resin and Carbon Structures from Organic−Organic Self-Assembly , 2006 .

[11]  Linda Zou,et al.  Using mesoporous carbon electrodes for brackish water desalination. , 2008, Water research.

[12]  Li Tang,et al.  Effect of conductive filler on the impedance behaviors of activated carbon based electric double layer capacitors , 2010 .

[13]  Takeshi Matsuura,et al.  Progress in membrane science and technology for seawater desalination — a review , 2001 .

[14]  D. Zhao,et al.  Evaporation‐Induced Coating and Self‐Assembly of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon‐Silica Composite Monoliths with Macroporous Architecture on Polyurethane Foams , 2008 .

[15]  Liyi Shi,et al.  Removal of NaCl from saltwater solution using carbon nanotubes/activated carbon composite electrode , 2006 .

[16]  Andrea I. Schäfer,et al.  Desalination using electrodialysis as a function of voltage and salt concentration , 2007 .

[17]  Linda Zou,et al.  Using graphene nano-flakes as electrodes to remove ferric ions by capacitive deionization , 2010 .

[18]  Y. Gogotsi,et al.  Synthesis, structure and porosity analysis of microporous and mesoporous carbon derived from zirconium carbide , 2005 .

[19]  Zhuo Sun,et al.  A comparative study on electrosorptive behavior of carbon nanotubes and graphene for capacitive deionization , 2011 .

[20]  C. F. Schutte,et al.  Capacitive Deionization Technology™: An alternative desalination solution , 2005 .

[21]  Zhuo Sun,et al.  Electrosorption behavior of graphene in NaCl solutions , 2009 .

[22]  R. Pekala,et al.  Capacitive deionization of NH4ClO4 solutions with carbon aerogel electrodes , 1996 .

[23]  Prashant Kumar,et al.  Mesoporous materials prepared using coal fly ash as the silicon and aluminium source , 2001 .

[24]  Joon Kim,et al.  Review of seawater natural organic matter fouling and reverse osmosis transport modeling for seawater reverse osmosis desalination , 2010 .

[25]  Jong-Ho Kim,et al.  Role of titania incorporated on activated carbon cloth for capacitive deionization of NaCl solution. , 2003, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[26]  Liyi Shi,et al.  Preparation and desalination performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes , 2006 .

[27]  Sheng Dai,et al.  Preparation of activated mesoporous carbons for electrosorption of ions from aqueous solutions , 2010 .

[28]  J. Uan,et al.  Direct growth of oriented Mg–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) on pure Mg substrates and in vitro corrosion and cell adhesion testing of LDH-coated Mg samples , 2011 .

[29]  J. Choma,et al.  Adsorption and structural properties of soft-templated mesoporous carbons obtained by carbonization at different temperatures and KOH activation , 2010 .

[30]  Joseph C. Farmer,et al.  Capacitive Deionization of NaCl and NaNO3 Solutions with Carbon Aerogel Electrodes , 1996 .

[31]  Dingcai Wu,et al.  Study on synergistic effect of ordered mesoporous carbon and carbon aerogel during electrochemical charge–discharge process , 2010 .

[32]  Zhuo Sun,et al.  ELECTROSORPTION OF FeCl3 SOLUTIONS WITH CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOFIBERS FILM ELECTRODES GROWN ON GRAPHITE SUBSTRATES , 2007 .

[33]  Lourdes García-Rodríguez,et al.  Seawater desalination driven by renewable energies: a review , 2002 .

[34]  S. Prabaharan,et al.  Nanostructured mesoporous carbon as electrodes for supercapacitors , 2006 .

[35]  J. Uan,et al.  Rapid direct growth of Li–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) film on glass, silicon wafer and carbon cloth and characterization of LDH film on substrates , 2011 .

[36]  I. R. Hill,et al.  Performance of experimental carbon blacks in aqueous supercapacitors , 2005 .

[37]  Liyi Shi,et al.  Influence of carbonization of hot-pressed carbon nanotube electrodes on removal of NaCl from saltwater solution , 2006 .

[38]  M. Jaroniec,et al.  Gas adsorption characterization of ordered organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials , 2001 .

[39]  Haoshen Zhou,et al.  Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers for Supercapacitor Application , 2009 .

[40]  Sung-Woo Hwang,et al.  Capacitance control of carbon aerogel electrodes , 2004 .

[41]  Linda Zou,et al.  Using activated carbon electrode in electrosorptive deionisation of brackish water , 2008 .

[42]  Sang Hoon Joo,et al.  Synthesis of highly ordered carbon molecular sieves via template-mediated structural transformation , 1999 .

[43]  D. Aurbach,et al.  The Rate-Determining Step of Electroadsorption Processes into Nanoporous Carbon Electrodes Related to Water Desalination , 2009 .

[44]  A. B. Fuertes,et al.  Electrochemical capacitor performance of mesoporous carbons obtained by templating technique , 2005 .

[45]  H. Teng,et al.  Nitric Acid Modification of Activated Carbon Electrodes for Improvement of Electrochemical Capacitance , 2002 .

[46]  D. Aurbach,et al.  Developing Ion Electroadsorption Stereoselectivity, by Pore Size Adjustment with Chemical Vapor Deposition onto Active Carbon Fiber Electrodes. Case of Ca2+/Na+ Separation in Water Capacitive Desalination , 2008 .

[47]  Manojkumar Kadam,et al.  Use of mesoporous conductive carbon black to enhance performance of activated carbon electrodes in capacitive deionization technology , 2011 .

[48]  Jae-Hwan Choi,et al.  Fabrication of a carbon electrode using activated carbon powder and application to the capacitive deionization process , 2010 .

[49]  Liyi Shi,et al.  Influence of diameter of carbon nanotubes mounted in flow-through capacitors on removal of NaCl from salt water , 2007 .

[50]  T. Osaka,et al.  Properties of Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors with Various Polymer Gel Electrolytes , 1997 .

[51]  P. M. Biesheuvel,et al.  Dynamic Adsorption/Desorption Process Model for Capacitive Deionization , 2009 .