Dynamic Channel Modeling for Indoor Millimeter-Wave Propagation Channels Based on Measurements

In this contribution, a recently conducted measurement campaign for indoor millimeter-wave (mm-wave) propagation channels is introduced. A vector network analyzer (VNA)-based channel sounder was exploited to record the channel characteristics at the frequency band from 28–30 GHz. A virtual uniform circular array (UCA) with a radius of 0.25 m was formed using a rotator with 360 steps. Moreover, by taking advantage of fiber-optic technique applied in the channel sounder, measurements at 50 positions were performed from an indoor hall to an indoor corridor along a long pre-defined route. A low-complexity high-resolution propagation estimation (HRPE) algorithm is exploited to estimate the propagation parameters of multipath components (MPCs). Based on the HRPE estimation results, a novel clustering identification and tracking algorithm is proposed to trace clusters. Composite channel characteristics, cluster-level characteristics and dynamic (or birth-death) behaviours of the clusters are investigated, which constitute a dynamic model for the indoor mm-wave channel.

[1]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Millimeter-Wave Omnidirectional Path Loss Data for Small Cell 5G Channel Modeling , 2015, IEEE Access.

[2]  Bo Ai,et al.  On Indoor Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Channels: Measurement and Simulation , 2017, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[3]  Stanislav Stefanov Zhekov,et al.  Antenna for Ultrawideband Channel Sounding , 2017, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[4]  Wei Fan,et al.  Channel Characterization for Wideband Large-Scale Antenna Systems Based on a Low-Complexity Maximum Likelihood Estimator , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[5]  Jesper Ødum Nielsen,et al.  A Channel Sounder for Massive MIMO and MmWave Channels , 2018, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[6]  Ernst Bonek,et al.  How to Quantify Multipath Separation , 2002 .

[7]  Jian Yu,et al.  A Kernel-Power-Density-Based Algorithm for Channel Multipath Components Clustering , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[8]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Radiocommunications , 1967, Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge.

[9]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  The World’s First Real-Time Testbed for Massive MIMO: Design, Implementation, and Validation , 2016, IEEE Access.

[10]  Jiajing Chen,et al.  Measurement-Based Massive MIMO Channel Modeling for Outdoor LoS and NLoS Environments , 2017, IEEE Access.

[11]  Klaus I. Pedersen,et al.  Channel parameter estimation in mobile radio environments using the SAGE algorithm , 1999, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[12]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Statistical Modeling of Ultrawideband MIMO Propagation Channel in a Warehouse Environment , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[13]  Aniruddha Chandra,et al.  In-Vehicle Channel Measurement, Characterization, and Spatial Consistency Comparison of $\text{30}\hbox{--}\text{11 GHz}$ and $\text{55}\hbox{--}\text{65 GHz}$ Frequency Bands , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[14]  Robert Müller,et al.  Double-Directional Dual-Polarimetric Cluster-Based Characterization of 70–77 GHz Indoor Channels , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[15]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wideband Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for Future Wireless Communication System Design , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[16]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Proposal on Millimeter-Wave Channel Modeling for 5G Cellular System , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing.

[17]  Arnab Roy,et al.  A Tutorial on Beam Management for 3GPP NR at mmWave Frequencies , 2018, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[18]  Ruiyuan Tian,et al.  Tracking Time-Variant Cluster Parameters in MIMO Channel Measurements , 2007, 2007 Second International Conference on Communications and Networking in China.

[19]  Jeffrey G. Andrews,et al.  What Will 5G Be? , 2014, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[20]  E. Vitucci,et al.  Semi-Deterministic Radio Channel Modeling Based on Graph Theory and Ray-Tracing , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[21]  Navrati Saxena,et al.  Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[22]  Fengchun Zhang,et al.  Near-Field Ultra-Wideband mmWave Channel Characterization Using Successive Cancellation Beamspace UCA Algorithm , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Bo Ai,et al.  On Modeling of Dense Multipath Component for Indoor Massive MIMO Channels , 2019, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[24]  Xuefeng Yin,et al.  Experimental Characterization and Multipath Cluster Modeling for 13–17 GHz Indoor Propagation Channels , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[25]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Indoor Office Wideband Millimeter-Wave Propagation Measurements and Channel Models at 28 and 73 GHz for Ultra-Dense 5G Wireless Networks , 2015, IEEE Access.

[26]  Kim Olesen,et al.  Phase-Compensated Optical Fiber-Based Ultrawideband Channel Sounder , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[27]  Kyungwhoon Cheun,et al.  Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: theoretical feasibility and prototype results , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[28]  Matti Latva-aho,et al.  Emulating Dynamic Radio Channels for Radiated Testing of Massive MIMO Devices , 2018 .

[29]  M. Viberg,et al.  Two decades of array signal processing research: the parametric approach , 1996, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[30]  G. Pedersen,et al.  Frequency-Invariant Uniform Circular Array for Wideband mm-Wave Channel Characterization , 2017, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[31]  Li Tian,et al.  Millimeter-Wave Channel Modeling Based on A Unified Propagation Graph Theory , 2017, IEEE Communications Letters.

[32]  Wei Fan,et al.  A Complexity-Efficient High Resolution Propagation Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Ultra-Wideband Large-Scale Uniform Circular Array , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[33]  F. Massey.  The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Goodness of Fit , 1951 .

[34]  Krzysztof Kryszczuk,et al.  Estimation of the Number of Clusters Using Multiple Clustering Validity Indices , 2010, MCS.

[35]  J. L. Nolan,et al.  Numerical calculation of stable densities and distribution functions: Heavy tails and highly volatil , 1997 .

[36]  Raffaele D'Errico,et al.  Large Scale and Clusters Characteristics in Indoor Sub-THz Channels , 2018, 2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[37]  Kim Olesen,et al.  Development and Experimental Validation of an Ultra-wideband Channel Sounder , 2019, 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).

[38]  Ernst Bonek,et al.  Improving clustering performance using multipath component distance , 2006 .

[39]  Robert Tibshirani,et al.  The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction, 2nd Edition , 2001, Springer Series in Statistics.

[40]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  Performance Characterization of a Real-Time Massive MIMO System With LOS Mobile Channels , 2017, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[41]  Charles Elkan,et al.  Expectation Maximization Algorithm , 2010, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning.

[42]  Xuefeng Yin,et al.  Hough-Transform-Based Cluster Identification and Modeling for V2V Channels Based on Measurements , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[43]  Ujjwal Maulik,et al.  Validity index for crisp and fuzzy clusters , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[44]  Yang Hao,et al.  Influence Analysis of Typical Objects in Rural Railway Environments at 28 GHz , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[45]  T. Kürner,et al.  A Study on Dual-Directional Mm-wave Indoor Channel Characteristics , 2019, 2019 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).

[46]  Bo Ai,et al.  An Empirical Air-to-Ground Channel Model Based on Passive Measurements in LTE , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[47]  Ehud Weinstein,et al.  Parameter estimation of superimposed signals using the EM algorithm , 1988, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[48]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  On mm-Wave Multipath Clustering and Channel Modeling , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[49]  Jie Huang,et al.  Multi-Frequency mmWave Massive MIMO Channel Measurements and Characterization for 5G Wireless Communication Systems , 2017, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[50]  Chao Zhang,et al.  Wideband 39 GHz Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurements under Diversified Vegetation , 2018, 2018 IEEE 29th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[51]  Shiqi Cheng,et al.  Performance of a Novel Automatic Identification Algorithm for the Clustering of Radio Channel Parameters , 2015, IEEE Access.

[52]  MaulikUjjwal,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Some Clustering Algorithms and Validity Indices , 2002 .

[53]  Xiqi Gao,et al.  Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communication networks , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[54]  Taoka Hidekazu,et al.  Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.