Simulating soil N2O emissions and heterotrophic CO2 respiration in arable systems using FASSET and MoBiLE-DNDC

Modelling of soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is complicated by complex interactions between processes and factors influencing their production, consumption and transport. In this study N2O emissions and heterotrophic CO2 respiration were simulated from soils under winter wheat grown in three different organic and one inorganic fertilizer-based cropping system using two different models, i.e., MoBiLE-DNDC and FASSET. The two models were generally capable of simulating most seasonal trends of measured soil heterotrophic CO2 respiration and N2O emissions. Annual soil heterotrophic CO2 respiration was underestimated by both models in all systems (about 10–30% by FASSET and 10–40% by MoBiLE-DNDC). Both models overestimated annual N2O emissions in all systems (about 10–580% by FASSET and 20–50% by MoBiLE-DNDC). In addition, both models had some problems in simulating soil mineral nitrogen, which seemed to originate from deficiencies in simulating degradation of soil organic matter, incorporated residues of catch crops and organic fertilizers. To improve the performance of the models, organic matter decomposition parameters need to be revised.

[1]  P. Ambus,et al.  Emissions of nitrous oxide from arable organic and conventional cropping systems on two soil types , 2010 .

[2]  Diane F. Halpern,et al.  A process-oriented model of cognitive sex differences , 1996 .

[3]  Per Ambus,et al.  Application of the DNDC model to predict emissions of N2O from Irish agriculture. , 2009 .

[4]  Jane M. F. Johnson,et al.  Agricultural opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. , 2007, Environmental pollution.

[5]  E. Kara,et al.  Rates of decomposition of plant residues and available nitrogen in soil, related to residue composition through simulation of carbon and nitrogen turnover , 2004 .

[6]  J. Olesen,et al.  Design of an Organic Farming Crop-Rotation Experiment , 2000 .

[7]  H. Eckersten,et al.  Modelling biomass, water and nitrogen in grass ley: Estimation of N uptake parameters , 2007 .

[8]  Dmitri Chatskikh,et al.  Effects of reduced tillage on net greenhouse gas fluxes from loamy sand soil under winter crops in Denmark , 2008 .

[9]  Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,et al.  Regional application of PnET‐N‐DNDC for estimating the N2O source strength of tropical rainforests in the Wet Tropics of Australia , 2005 .

[10]  J. Magid,et al.  Disproportionately high N-mineralisation rates from green manures at low temperatures – implications for modeling and management in cool temperate agro-ecosystems , 2004, Plant and Soil.

[11]  Jonathan P. Lynch,et al.  Plant Roots: their Growth, Activity, and Interaction with Soils , 2007 .

[12]  J. Olesen,et al.  Winter cereal yields as affected by animal manure and green manure in organic arable farming. , 2009 .

[13]  Elizabeth Pattey,et al.  Spatial and temporal variability of soil respiration in agricultural fields , 1991 .

[14]  Leif T. Jensen,et al.  A comparison of the performance of nine soil organic matter models using datasets from seven long-term experiments , 1997 .

[15]  Dan S. Long,et al.  Spatially characterizing apparent electrical conductivity and water content of surface soils with time domain reflectometry , 2005 .

[16]  Mark B. David,et al.  Application of the DNDC model to tile-drained Illinois agroecosystems: model comparison of conventional and diversified rotations , 2007, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[17]  Huajun Tang,et al.  Estimations of soil organic carbon storage in cropland of China based on DNDC model , 2006 .

[18]  J. Olesen,et al.  The value of catch crops and organic manures for spring barley in organic arable farming , 2007 .

[19]  E. Davidson,et al.  Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change , 2006, Nature.

[20]  Steve Frolking,et al.  A model of nitrous oxide evolution from soil driven by rainfall events: 2. Model applications , 1992 .

[21]  R. Stenger,et al.  Comparison of N2O emissions from soils at three temperate agricultural sites: simulations of year-round measurements by four models , 1998, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[22]  Fusuo Zhang,et al.  Modelling water dynamics with DNDC and DAISY in a soil of the North China Plain: A comparative study , 2010, Environ. Model. Softw..

[23]  J. W. Groenigen,et al.  Pig slurry treatment modifies slurry composition, N2O, and CO2 emissions after soil incorporation , 2008 .

[24]  Luis Orlindo Tedeschi,et al.  Assessment of the adequacy of mathematical models , 2006 .

[25]  Dmitri Chatskikh,et al.  Simulation of Effects of Soils, Climate and Management on N2O Emission from Grasslands , 2005 .

[26]  Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,et al.  A European-wide inventory of soil NO emissions using the biogeochemical models DNDC/Forest-DNDC , 2009 .

[27]  R. H. Fox,et al.  Tillage effect on seasonal nitrogen availability in corn supplied with legume green manures , 1994, Plant and Soil.

[28]  Jerry L. Hatfield,et al.  Cover crop effects on nitrous oxide emission from a manure-treated Mollisol , 2009 .

[29]  B. M. Petersen,et al.  Modelling spatial heterogeneity in grazed grassland and its effects on nitrogen cycling and greenhouse gas emissions , 2007 .

[30]  M. A. Bolinder,et al.  Estimating shoot to root ratios and annual carbon inputs in soils for cereal crops , 1997 .

[31]  B. Marschner,et al.  Controls of bioavailability and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in soils , 2003 .

[32]  A. Heinemeyer,et al.  Forest soil CO2 flux: uncovering the contribution and environmental responses of ectomycorrhizas , 2007 .

[33]  J. Schimel,et al.  NITROGEN MINERALIZATION: CHALLENGES OF A CHANGING PARADIGM , 2004 .

[34]  Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,et al.  A process‐oriented model of N2O and NO emissions from forest soils: 2. Sensitivity analysis and validation , 2000 .

[35]  Jeff Baldock,et al.  Concepts in modelling N2O emissions from land use , 2008, Plant and Soil.

[36]  Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,et al.  A global inventory of N2O emissions from tropical rainforest soils using a detailed biogeochemical model , 2007 .

[37]  N. Batjes,et al.  Modeling global annual N2O and NO emissions from fertilized fields , 2002 .

[38]  Pascal Boeckx,et al.  Validation of DNDC for 22 long-term N2O field emission measurements , 2007 .

[39]  D. Giltrap,et al.  DNDC: A process-based model of greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural soils , 2010 .

[40]  T. A. Breland.  Enhanced mineralization and denitrification as a result of heterogeneous distribution of clover residues in soil , 1994, Plant and Soil.

[41]  R. Rees,et al.  Greenhouse gas emissions from a managed grassland , 2005 .

[42]  M. Yoh,et al.  Diffusion analysis of N2O cycling in a fertilized soil , 1997, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[43]  A. Dobermann,et al.  Agroecosystems, Nitrogen-use Efficiency, and Nitrogen Management , 2002, Ambio.

[44]  Martial Bernoux,et al.  Soils, a sink for N2O? A review , 2007 .

[45]  B. Ma,et al.  New method to estimate root biomass in soil through root-derived carbon , 2006 .

[46]  Berrien Moore,et al.  Greenhouse gas emissions from croplands of China , 2003 .

[47]  R. Lark,et al.  Spatial analysis of the error in a model of soil nitrogen , 2008 .

[48]  Brian D. Fath,et al.  Concepts of Modelling , 2011 .

[49]  S. Cuttle,et al.  Is the productivity of organic farms restricted by the supply of available nitrogen? , 2002 .

[50]  A. Mosier,et al.  N2O emissions from agricultural lands: a synthesis of simulation approaches , 2008, Plant and Soil.

[51]  C. Watson,et al.  Managing soil fertility in organic farming systems , 2002 .

[52]  K. Yagi,et al.  N2O emission and CH4 uptake in arable fields managed under conventional and reduced tillage cropping systems in northern Japan , 2004 .

[53]  J. Olesen,et al.  Organic matter and soil tilth in arable farming: Management makes a difference within 5–6 years , 2007 .

[54]  Changsheng Li,et al.  Simulation of Nitrogen Balance in Rice-Wheat Systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains , 2006 .

[55]  Dmitri Chatskikh,et al.  Soil tillage enhanced CO2 and N2O emissions from loamy sand soil under spring barley , 2007 .

[56]  L. Meng,et al.  CO2 emission in an intensively cultivated loam as affected by long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer , 2007 .

[57]  Keith A. Smith,et al.  Nitrous oxide emissions from intensive agricultural systems: Variations between crops and seasons, key driving variables, and mean emission factors , 1999 .

[58]  R. Mulvaney.  Nitrogen-Inorganic Forms , 2018, SSSA Book Series.

[59]  Masson-Delmotte,et al.  The Physical Science Basis , 2007 .

[60]  G. Levy,et al.  Mulching with composted municipal solid wastes in the Central Negev, Israel: II. Effect on available nitrogen and phosphorus and on organic matter in soil , 2004 .

[61]  M. Rounsevell,et al.  Estimating annual N2O emissions from agricultural soils in temperate climates , 2005 .

[62]  Harald Kunstmann,et al.  Modelling and observation of biosphere–atmosphere interactions in natural savannah in Burkina Faso, West Africa , 2009 .

[63]  D. B. Dresbøll,et al.  Incorporation time of nitrogen catch crops influences the N effect for the succeeding crop , 2010 .

[64]  Yiqi Luo,et al.  Soil respiration and the environment , 2006 .

[65]  G. Hofman,et al.  Effect of tillage intensity on N mineralization of different crop residues in a temperate climate , 2009 .

[66]  C. Kroeze,et al.  Closing the global N2O budget: A retrospective analysis 1500–1994 , 1999 .

[67]  Arvin R. Mosier,et al.  DAYCENT model analysis of past and contemporary soil N2O and net greenhouse gas flux for major crops in the USA. , 2005 .

[68]  Changsheng Li,et al.  Modelling nitrous oxide emissions from grazed grasslands in New Zealand , 2007 .

[69]  Marcel G. Schaap,et al.  Pedotransfer functions estimating soil hydraulic properties using different soil parameters , 2008 .

[70]  B. Hansen.  Determination of nitrogen as elementary N, an alternative to Kjeldahl. , 1989 .

[71]  CHANG SHENG,et al.  Regional application of PnET-N-DNDC for estimating the N 2 O source strength of tropical rainforests in the Wet Tropics of Australia , 2004 .

[72]  Per Ambus,et al.  Inventories of N2O and NO Emissions from European Forest Soils , 2005 .

[73]  B. M. Petersen,et al.  Comparison of methods for simulating effects of nitrogen on green area index and dry matter growth in winter wheat , 2002 .

[74]  C. Boast,et al.  The myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration. , 2007, Journal of environmental quality.

[75]  Changsheng Li,et al.  A model of nitrous oxide evolution from soil driven by rainfall events: 1. Model structure and sensitivity , 1992 .

[76]  Changsheng Li,et al.  A process-oriented model of N2O and NO emissions from forest soils: 1. Model development , 2000 .

[77]  I. Matejovič.  Determination of carbon and nitrogen in samples of various soils by the dry combustion , 1997 .

[78]  B. Zebarth,et al.  Organic Amendment History and Crop Rotation Effects on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Potential and Soil Nitrogen Supply in a Potato Cropping System , 2008 .

[79]  Keith A. Smith,et al.  Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere: interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes , 2003 .

[80]  E. Davidson,et al.  Microbiological basis of NO and N2O production and consumption in soil. , 1989 .

[81]  Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,et al.  Model evaluation of different mechanisms driving freeze-thaw N2O emissions , 2009 .

[82]  Søren O. Petersen,et al.  Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers Applied to Spring Barley , 1999 .

[83]  Yu Zhang,et al.  A simulation model linking crop growth and soil biogeochemistry for sustainable agriculture , 2002 .

[84]  B. M. Petersen,et al.  Evaluating nitrogen taxation scenarios using the dynamic whole farm simulation model FASSET , 2003 .

[85]  Per Ambus,et al.  Spatial and seasonal nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in Danish forest-, grassland-, and agroecosystems , 1995 .

[86]  Peter J. Gregory,et al.  Plant roots : growth, activity and interaction with soils , 2006 .

[87]  J. Olesen,et al.  Characterisation of four sites in Denmark for long-term experiments on crop rotations in organic farming , 2000 .

[88]  B. M. Petersen,et al.  CN-SIM: a model for the turnover of soil organic matter. II. Short-term carbon and nitrogen development , 2005 .

[89]  S. O. Petersen,et al.  Nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional crop rotations in five European countries , 2006 .

[90]  Keith A. Smith,et al.  The impact of sampling frequency and sampling times on chamber‐based measurements of N2O emissions from fertilized soils , 2001 .

[91]  G. Robertson,et al.  DENITRIFICATION AT DIFFERENT TEMPORAL AND GEO- GRAPHICAL SCALES: PROXIMAL AND DISTAL CONTROLS , 1988 .

[92]  B. M. Petersen,et al.  Crop nitrogen demand and canopy area expansion in winter wheat during vegetative growth , 2002 .

[93]  Timothy B Parkin,et al.  Effect of sampling frequency on estimates of cumulative nitrous oxide emissions. , 2008, Journal of environmental quality.