THE PLANT MEDIATED NANOPARTICLES AS A HEALTH PROTECTORS

- While metal nanoparticles are being increasingly used in many sectors of the economy, there is growing interest in the biological and environmental safety of their production. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and potentially harmful to the environment. The present review is devoted to the possibility of the biological syntheses of nanoparticles are being carried out by different macro–microscopic organisms such as plant, bacteria, fungi, seaweeds and microalgae. The biosynthesized nanomaterials have been effectively controlling the various endemic diseases with less adverse effect. Plant contains abundant natural compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds. These natural products are derived from various parts of plant such as leaves, stems, roots shoots, flowers, barks, and seeds. Recently, many studies have proved that the plant extracts act as a potential precursor for the synthesis of nanomaterial in non-hazardous ways. Since the plant extract contains various secondary metabolites, it acts as reducing and stabilizing agents for the bio reduction reaction to synthesized novel metallic nanoparticles. The non-biological methods (chemical and physical) are used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, which has a serious hazardous and high toxicity for living organisms. In addition, the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods. The plants are used successfully in the synthesis of various greener nanoparticles such as cobalt, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide and magnetite. Also, the plant mediated nanoparticles are potential remedy for various diseases such as malaria, cancer, HIV, hepatitis and other acute diseases. stem methanolic extract used for synthesis of silver nanoparticles and formed (Callicarpa maingayi)] + complex. The plant extract contains aldehyde group and it’s mainly involved in the reduction of silver ions into metallic Ag nanoparticles. The different functional group C=O and C=N indicates amide I, polypeptides which are the responsible compounds in the capping of ionic substances into metallic nanoparticles. The molecular studies on biosynthesis of silver crystals are complex and not yet fully understood. But some previous studies are proposed model mechanisms of nanoparticles interaction with pathogenic organisms. The biosynthesized silver NPs binding with Protein outer cell wall of bacteria, fungi or viral bodies that breaks the lipoproteins of microbial cell wall. Finally the cell division was stopped and cell leads to death. Photosynthesis of silver nanoparticles use Cissus quadrangular is extracts at room temperature was reported. The stem part of plant extract shows the different functional groups, particularly the carboxyl, amine, and phenolic