Les annotations pour supporter la collaboration dans le dossier patient électronique. (Annotations to support collaboration in the electronic health record)

Dans le cadre du projet multidisciplinaire DocPatient (2002/2005), nous avons travaille sur le dossier patient electronique hospitalier en collaboration avec un site pilote (le service de medecine neonatale et de reanimation pediatrique polyvalente dirige par le Docteur G. Krim du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) d'Amiens) et un partenaire industriel (la societe Uni-medecine). Nous avons observe les pratiques des professionnels de sante avec les documents papier et numeriques. Ces derniers leur permettent de collaborer, de partager des connaissances sur les patients, sur leurs activites et de communiquer de maniere asynchrone. On retrouve dans les documents papier de nombreuses annotations alors que sur support numerique cette fonctionnalite n'existe generalement pas. Nous avons donc etudie cette pratique et remarque que les annotations sont elles aussi des supports essentiels a la collaboration des professionnels de sante, notamment pour la creation et la maintenance d'une comprehension partagee des patients et d'une certaine conscience collective des activites du groupe. Finalement, notre mission dans le projet a consiste a comprendre pourquoi et comment les professionnels de sante annotent et a specifier cette fonctionnalite sur support numerique. Nous avons etudie les fonctionnalites des logiciels d'annotations existants, nous les avons comparees avec les pratiques d'annotations medicales papier, ce qui nous a permis de choisir un ensemble de fonctionnalites que nous avons implementees dans une maquette, DocAnnot. Afin de valider nos reflexions, nous avons realise une evaluation de cette maquette dans notre site pilote. Nous avons ensuite construit un modele conceptuel de l'activite d'annotations et de l'objet annotation. Nous avons cherche, pour finir, a abstraire ce modele pour en proposer un qui est independant du domaine medical.

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