Closed-Loop Fluid Management and Hemodynamic Optimization

Closed-loop fluid administration and hemodynamic management is not a new idea, but only in recent years have monitoring systems advanced to the point where closed-loop control is truly feasible for clinical applications. An overview of hemodynamic management strategies precedes a detailed examination of various hemodynamic parameters and their value in a closed-loop system. Appropriateness of different control schemes for fluid administration and hemodynamic management is then covered, along with an overview of regulatory considerations and the published literature.

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