A Survey on the Application of Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Multihop Ad Hoc Network Optimization Problems

Evolutionary algorithms are metaheuristic algorithms that provide quasioptimal solutions in a reasonable time. They have been applied to many optimization problems in a high number of scientific areas. In this survey paper, we focus on the application of evolutionary algorithms to solve optimization problems related to a type of complex network like mobile multihop ad hoc networks. Since its origin, mobile multihop ad hoc network has evolved causing new types of multihop networks to appear such as vehicular ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks, leading to the solution of new issues and optimization problems. In this survey, we review the main work presented for each type of mobile multihop ad hoc network and we also present some innovative ideas and open challenges to guide further research in this topic.

[1]  Ciprian Dobre,et al.  CAPIM: A context-aware platform using integrated mobile services , 2011, 2011 IEEE 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing.

[2]  Guiran Chang,et al.  Coverage Optimization based on Improved NSGA-II in Wireless Sensor Network , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Integration Technology.

[3]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems , 1999 .

[4]  Marco Conti,et al.  Mobile ad hoc networking: milestones, challenges, and new research directions , 2014, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[5]  Stephen Gundry,et al.  Self-organization of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks using evolutionary games and genetic algorithms , 2011 .

[6]  Hans J. Bremermann,et al.  Optimization Through Evolution and Recombination , 2013 .

[7]  Anelise Munaretto,et al.  GrAnt: Inferring best forwarders from complex networks' dynamics through a greedy Ant Colony Optimization , 2012, Comput. Networks.

[8]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  The Role of Ad Hoc Networks in the Internet of Things: A Case Scenario for Smart Environments , 2013, Internet of Things and Inter-cooperative Computational Technologies for Collective Intelligence.

[9]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  An evolutionary computation approach for optimizing connectivity in disaster response scenarios , 2013, Appl. Soft Comput..

[10]  Leszek Lilien,et al.  Opportunistic Networks for Emergency Applications and Their Standard Implementation Framework , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference.

[11]  Steffen Wolf,et al.  Iterated Local Search for Minimum Power Symmetric Connectivity in Wireless Networks , 2009, EvoCOP.

[12]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  Intelligent Transportation Systems and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment Technology for Developing Smart Cities , 2014, Big Data and Internet of Things.

[13]  Hamed Haddadi,et al.  Targeted Advertising on the Handset: Privacy and Security Challenges , 2011, Pervasive Advertising.

[14]  Marco Conti,et al.  Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Reality , 2007, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[15]  Tracy Camp,et al.  A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research , 2002, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[16]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, Wirel. Networks.

[17]  Duncan J. Watts,et al.  Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks , 1998, Nature.

[18]  Wen-Hwa Liao,et al.  A sensor deployment approach using glowworm swarm optimization algorithm in wireless sensor networks , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[19]  Muddassar Farooq.  Bee-Inspired Protocol Engineering: From Nature to Networks , 2008 .

[20]  Vidroha Debroy,et al.  Genetic Programming , 1998, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[21]  Marco Conti,et al.  From opportunistic networks to opportunistic computing , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[22]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey , 2011, Comput. Networks.

[23]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  A Survey on Multihop Ad Hoc Networks for Disaster Response Scenarios , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[24]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  A survey on probabilistic broadcast schemes for wireless ad hoc networks , 2015, Ad Hoc Networks.

[25]  Shahram Jamali,et al.  NISR: A NATURE INSPIRED SCALABLE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS , 2011 .

[26]  Tracy Camp,et al.  Discovering Variables that Affect MANET Protocol Performance , 2007, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[27]  Marco Conti,et al.  Multihop Ad Hoc Networking: The Theory , 2007, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[28]  Mingyan Liu,et al.  Random waypoint considered harmful , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[29]  Enrique Alba,et al.  Fast energy-aware OLSR routing in VANETs by means of a parallel evolutionary algorithm , 2012, Cluster Computing.

[30]  Pascal Bouvry,et al.  Optimising small-world properties in VANETs: Centralised and distributed overlay approaches , 2014, Appl. Soft Comput..

[31]  Lajos Hanzo,et al.  Multi-objective routing optimization using evolutionary algorithms , 2012, 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[32]  Marc Parizeau,et al.  DEAP: evolutionary algorithms made easy , 2012, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[33]  Himabindu Pucha,et al.  The performance impact of traffic patterns on routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks , 2007, Comput. Networks.

[34]  Andrea Passarella,et al.  HCMM: Modelling spatial and temporal properties of human mobility driven by users' social relationships , 2010, Comput. Commun..

[35]  P.R. Guardieiro,et al.  Anycast routing in Delay Tolerant Networks using genetic algorithms for route decision , 2008, 2008 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology.

[36]  Ingo Rechenberg,et al.  Evolutionsstrategie : Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution , 1973 .

[37]  Fei Ge,et al.  Energy Efficient Broadcasting Based on Ant Colony System Optimization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC 2007).

[38]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 2002, Wirel. Networks.

[39]  Enrique Alba,et al.  Intelligent OLSR Routing Protocol Optimization for VANETs , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[40]  Éderson Rosa Da Silva,et al.  An efficient genetic algorithm for anycast routing in delay/disruption tolerant networks , 2010, IEEE Communications Letters.

[41]  Sooksan Panichpapiboon,et al.  A Review of Information Dissemination Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[42]  Faramarz Hendessi,et al.  An Intelligent Routing Protocol for Delay Tolerant Networks Using Genetic Algorithm , 2011, NEW2AN.

[43]  Marco Conti,et al.  Routing Issues in Opportunistic Networks , 2009, Middleware for Network Eccentric and Mobile Applications.

[44]  Jörg Ott,et al.  Characterizing content sharing properties for mobile users in open city squares , 2013, 2013 10th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS).

[45]  Damien Charlet,et al.  Using an evolutionary algorithm to optimize the broadcasting methods in mobile ad hoc networks , 2011, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[46]  Matthias Frank,et al.  Human mobility in MANET disaster area simulation - a realistic approach , 2004, 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[47]  Pascal Bouvry,et al.  A Parallel Multi-objective Local Search for AEDB Protocol Tuning , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum.

[48]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Reactive Routing Protocols for VANETs in Urban Scenarios Following Good Simulation Practices , 2015, 2015 9th International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing.

[49]  Tracy Camp,et al.  Comparison of broadcasting techniques for mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, MobiHoc '02.

[50]  Alessandro Puiatti,et al.  Probabilistic Routing Protocol for Intermittently Connected Mobile Ad hoc Network (PROPICMAN) , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks.

[51]  Christian Bonnet,et al.  Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[52]  John H. Holland,et al.  Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence , 1992 .

[53]  J. A. Lozano,et al.  Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: A New Tool for Evolutionary Computation , 2001 .

[54]  Tracy Camp,et al.  Trace-based mobility modeling for multi-hop wireless networks , 2011, Comput. Commun..

[55]  Israr Ullah,et al.  BeeSensor: An energy-efficient and scalable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2012, Inf. Sci..

[56]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks , 2008, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[57]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  Multi-objective performance optimization of a probabilistic similarity/dissimilarity-based broadcasting scheme for mobile ad hoc networks in disaster response scenarios , 2013, Soft Computing.

[58]  Himabindu Pucha,et al.  The performance impact of traffic patterns on routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks , 2004, MSWiM '04.

[59]  John H. Holland,et al.  Outline for a Logical Theory of Adaptive Systems , 1962, JACM.

[60]  Elmar Gerhards-Padilla,et al.  Modeling mobility in disaster area scenarios , 2009, Perform. Evaluation.

[61]  Pascal Bouvry,et al.  Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Ad hoc Networks , 2014 .

[62]  Pedro Larrañaga,et al.  Estimation of Distribution Algorithms , 2002, Genetic Algorithms and Evolutionary Computation.

[63]  José García-Nieto,et al.  Automatic tuning of communication protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks using metaheuristics , 2010, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[64]  Gisele L. Pappa,et al.  Roadside unit deployment for information dissemination in a VANET: an evolutionary approach , 2012, GECCO '12.

[65]  Ciprian Dobre,et al.  Data Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks , 2012, ArXiv.

[66]  Pascal Bouvry,et al.  Distributed energy self-adaptation in ad hoc networks , 2010, 2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops.

[67]  Alok Singh,et al.  A hybrid genetic algorithm for the minimum energy broadcast problem in wireless ad hoc networks , 2011, Appl. Soft Comput..

[68]  Imed Bouazizi,et al.  ANT-ROUTING-ALGORITHM ( ARA ) FOR MOBILE MULTI-HOP AD-HOC NETWORKS – NEW FEATURES AND RESULTS , 2003 .

[69]  Pan Hui,et al.  BUBBLE Rap: Social-Based Forwarding in Delay-Tolerant Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[70]  Thomas Stützle,et al.  Ant Colony Optimization , 2009, EMO.

[71]  Tracy Camp,et al.  MANET simulation studies: the incredibles , 2005, MOCO.

[72]  Rui Liu,et al.  Solving Minimum Power Broadcast Problem in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks Using Genetic Algorithm , 2008, 6th Annual Communication Networks and Services Research Conference (cnsr 2008).

[73]  Eryk Dutkiewicz,et al.  A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks , 2004, Ad Hoc Networks.

[74]  Rainer Storn,et al.  Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces , 1997, J. Glob. Optim..

[75]  Isaac Woungang,et al.  GAER: genetic algorithm-based energy-efficient routing protocol for infrastructure-less opportunistic networks , 2014, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[76]  Pascal Bouvry,et al.  Survey on Broadcast Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2015, ACM Comput. Surv..

[77]  W. Vent,et al.  Rechenberg, Ingo, Evolutionsstrategie — Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution. 170 S. mit 36 Abb. Frommann‐Holzboog‐Verlag. Stuttgart 1973. Broschiert , 1975 .

[78]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  From MANET to people-centric networking: Milestones and open research challenges , 2015, Comput. Commun..

[79]  Daniel Gutiérrez-Reina,et al.  An evolutionary computation approach for designing mobile ad hoc networks , 2012, Expert Syst. Appl..

[80]  Marco Conti,et al.  HiBOp: a History Based Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks.

[81]  Pascal Bouvry,et al.  Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Bouvry/Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2014 .

[82]  T. Nandagopal,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, MobiCom 1999.

[83]  José García-Nieto,et al.  Automatic Parameter Tuning with Metaheuristics of the AODV Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks , 2010, EvoApplications.

[84]  Kalyanmoy Deb,et al.  A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II , 2002, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput..

[85]  Abdullah Konak,et al.  Connectivity management in mobile ad hoc networks using particle swarm optimization , 2011, Ad Hoc Networks.