Comparison of the toxicity of waters containing initially sulfaquinoxaline after photocatalytic treatment by TiO2 and polyaniline/TiO2

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the residual toxicity of waters after photocatalysis treatments. The initial waters contain 7 mg L−1 of sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) which is a sulfonamide antibiotic generally recorded inside the water. The contaminated waters are treated by photocatalytic degradation process with bare titania and titania covered with polyaniline (PANI) conducting polymer. The degradation of SQX is conducted at different pH in order to find the optimal condition to obtain SQX concentration relatively equal to zero in the shortest amount of time. This occurs for PANI/TiO2 at pH 12 and TiO2 at pH 4. Toxicity assays (concentration of biomass, pigmentation tests, and cells counting) are undertaken on the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in order to evaluate the residual toxicity of the 2 treated waters. The toxicity results highlight that the water treated by PANI/TiO2 at pH 12 is the less toxic towards the algae cells. The water processed by bare titania at acidic pH displays unneglectable toxicity towards the algae cells which are larger than the toxicity of the original SQX solution. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

[1]  Yi Zheng,et al.  Photolysis of enrofloxacin, pefloxacin and sulfaquinoxaline in aqueous solution by UV/H2O2, UV/Fe(II), and UV/H2O2/Fe(II) and the toxicity of the final reaction solutions on zebrafish embryos. , 2019, The Science of the total environment.

[2]  R. Chtourou,et al.  Enhanced solar and visible light photocatalytic activity of In2S3-decorated ZnO nanowires for water purification , 2019, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry.

[3]  J. Toufaily,et al.  Dye-sensitized nanoparticles for heterogeneous photocatalysis: Cases studies with TiO2, ZnO, fullerene and graphene for water purification , 2018, Dyes and Pigments.

[4]  Z. Šaponjić,et al.  Photocatalytic decomposition of selected biologically active compounds in environmental waters using TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposites: Kinetics, toxicity and intermediates assessment. , 2018, Environmental pollution.

[5]  J. Toufaily,et al.  Comparison of two procedures for the design of dye-sensitized nanoparticles targeting photocatalytic water purification under solar and visible light , 2018 .

[6]  Mohamad Al Iskandarani,et al.  Transformation of sulfaquinoxaline by chlorine and UV light in water: kinetics and by-product identification , 2018, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[7]  Mohammad El Khatib,et al.  Innovative SPE-LC-MS/MS technique for the assessment of 63 pharmaceuticals and the detection of antibiotic-resistant-bacteria: A case study natural water sources in Lebanon. , 2017, The Science of the total environment.

[8]  M. Ahmed,et al.  Effect of porphyrin on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles toward Rhodamine B photodegradation. , 2017, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[9]  W. Basirun,et al.  Synthesis of Polyaniline-TiO2 Nanocomposites and Their Application in Photocatalytic Degradation , 2017 .

[10]  Vanessa Ribeiro Urbano,et al.  Influence of pH and ozone dose on sulfaquinoxaline ozonation. , 2017, Journal of environmental management.

[11]  Vanessa Ribeiro Urbano,et al.  Abatement and toxicity reduction of antimicrobials by UV/H2O2 process. , 2017, Journal of environmental management.

[12]  J. Toufaily,et al.  Adsorption and photocatalysis activity of TiO2/bentonite composites , 2017 .

[13]  M. Çabuk.  Colloidal Behaviors of Conducting Polymer/Chitosan Composite Particles , 2016 .

[14]  Z. Hu,et al.  Decomposition and mineralization of sulfaquinoxaline sodium during UV/H2O2 oxidation processes , 2016 .

[15]  Ahmad Soleymanpour,et al.  Development of a novel carbon paste sensor for determination of micromolar amounts of sulfaquinoxaline in pharmaceutical and biological samples. , 2016, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[16]  C. Barbero,et al.  Assessment of polyaniline nanoparticles toxicity and teratogenicity in aquatic environment using Rhinella arenarum model. , 2015, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[17]  V. Apyari,et al.  Recent advances in sample preparation techniques and methods of sulfonamides detection - A review. , 2014, Analytica chimica acta.

[18]  Yuyu Bu,et al.  Role of polyaniline on the photocatalytic degradation and stability performance of the polyaniline/silver/silver phosphate composite under visible light. , 2014, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[19]  S. Rath,et al.  Sorption and desorption of sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfamethazine antimicrobials in Brazilian soils. , 2014, The Science of the total environment.

[20]  Chang-Tang Chang,et al.  Study on the degradation of the dye wastewater with polyaniline on titanium nanotubes. , 2014, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

[21]  Z. Šaponjić,et al.  Improvements to the photocatalytic efficiency of polyaniline modified TiO2 nanoparticles , 2013 .

[22]  P. Jayamurugan,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of TiO2-doped Polyaniline nanocomposites by chemical oxidation method , 2013 .

[23]  R. Prasanna,et al.  NUTRIENT SEQUESTRATION, BIOMASS PRODUCTION BY MICROALGAE AND PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SEWAGE WATER , 2013, International journal of phytoremediation.

[24]  A. Entezami,et al.  Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/polyaniline core-shell nanocomposite , 2012, Bulletin of Materials Science.

[25]  T. Roques-carmes,et al.  Use of ordered mesoporous titania with semi-crystalline framework as photocatalyst , 2012 .

[26]  R. Xiong,et al.  Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of polyaniline–TiO2 composites with bionic nanopapilla structure , 2011 .

[27]  Hao Zhang,et al.  Photocorrosion Inhibition and Photoactivity Enhancement for Zinc Oxide via Hybridization with Monolayer Polyaniline , 2009 .

[28]  D. Mantzavinos,et al.  Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes. , 2009, Environment international.

[29]  L. Palmisano,et al.  Efficient degradation of 4-nitrophenol by using functionalized porphyrin-TiO2 photocatalysts under visible irradiation , 2007 .

[30]  M. Gamal El-Din,et al.  Degradation of Aqueous Pharmaceuticals by Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Review , 2006 .

[31]  J. Sochacka,et al.  Toxicity and biodegradability of sulfonamides and products of their photocatalytic degradation in aqueous solutions. , 2006, Chemosphere.

[32]  P. Liu,et al.  Preparation of PANI–TiO2 nanocomposites and their solid-phase photocatalytic degradation , 2006 .

[33]  Raymond J. Ritchie,et al.  Consistent Sets of Spectrophotometric Chlorophyll Equations for Acetone, Methanol and Ethanol Solvents , 2006, Photosynthesis Research.

[34]  Juan Gao,et al.  Adsorption of sulfonamide antimicrobial agents to clay minerals. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[35]  J. Raulin,et al.  Heterogeneous photocatalysis: state of the art and present applications In honor of Pr. R.L. Burwell Jr. (1912–2003), Former Head of Ipatieff Laboratories, Northwestern University, Evanston (Ill). , 2005 .

[36]  S. Martin,et al.  Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis , 1995 .