Using spatial overlap ratio of independent classifiers for likelihood map fusion in mean-shift tracking

We combine the outputs of independent classifiers for mean-shift tracking within the likelihood map fusion framework and introduce a novel likelihood fusion technique that directly employs the tracking confidences of likelihood maps which are generated by different binary classifiers. Our proposed measure tries to compensate drifting that may be caused by each likelihood map using their independent tracking results. We present results obtained with the proposed fusion approach using two different classifiers, where one models the tracked object and one models the background. The results show superior performance of the proposed fusion technique as compared to the others. We further discuss how the proposed likelihood map fusion approach can be generalized to any number and any kind of likelihood maps.

[1]  Gary Bradski,et al.  Computer Vision Face Tracking For Use in a Perceptual User Interface , 1998 .

[2]  Chandrashekar M. Patil,et al.  Efficient multiple moving object detection and tracking using combined background subtraction and clustering , 2018, Signal Image Video Process..

[3]  Robert T. Collins,et al.  Likelihood Map Fusion for Visual Object Tracking , 2008, 2008 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision.

[4]  J. Friedman Special Invited Paper-Additive logistic regression: A statistical view of boosting , 2000 .

[5]  Weiwei Zhang,et al.  On-Line Ensemble SVM for Robust Object Tracking , 2007, ACCV.

[6]  David H. Wolpert,et al.  No free lunch theorems for optimization , 1997, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput..

[7]  David J. Hand,et al.  An Empirical Comparison of Three Boosting Algorithms on Real Data Sets with Artificial Class Noise , 2003, Multiple Classifier Systems.

[8]  Tyng-Luh Liu,et al.  Probabilistic tracking with adaptive feature selection , 2004, ICPR 2004.

[9]  Jing Zhang,et al.  Framework for Performance Evaluation of Face, Text, and Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Video: Data, Metrics, and Protocol , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[10]  Nadjiba Terki,et al.  Improved object tracking via joint color-LPQ texture histogram based mean shift algorithm , 2018, Signal Image Video Process..

[11]  Neil A. Thacker,et al.  The Bhattacharyya metric as an absolute similarity measure for frequency coded data , 1998, Kybernetika.

[12]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Real-Time Tracking via On-line Boosting , 2006, BMVC.

[13]  Yanxi Liu,et al.  Online Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features , 2005, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[14]  Hakan Erdogan,et al.  Improving Gaussian Mixture Model based Adaptive Background Modeling using Hysteresis Thresholding , 2007, 2007 IEEE 15th Signal Processing and Communications Applications.

[15]  Ferdinand van der Heijden,et al.  Efficient adaptive density estimation per image pixel for the task of background subtraction , 2006, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[16]  Dorin Comaniciu,et al.  Real-time tracking of non-rigid objects using mean shift , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[17]  Shai Avidan,et al.  Ensemble Tracking , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[18]  Wen-Chung Chang,et al.  Online Boosting for Vehicle Detection , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[19]  Shuifa Sun,et al.  Improved mean shift target tracking based on self-organizing maps , 2014 .

[20]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[21]  R. A. Leibler,et al.  On Information and Sufficiency , 1951 .

[22]  Y.-J. Yeh,et al.  Online Selection of Tracking Features Using AdaBoost , 2009, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[23]  Jiri Matas,et al.  Training sequential on-line boosting classifier for visual tracking , 2008, 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[24]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A Short Introduction to Boosting , 1999 .

[25]  Rajbabu Velmurugan,et al.  Mean LBP and modified fuzzy C-means weighted hybrid feature for illumination invariant mean-shift tracking , 2016, Signal, Image and Video Processing.

[26]  R. Fisher THE USE OF MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS IN TAXONOMIC PROBLEMS , 1936 .

[27]  Wen Gao,et al.  Online Selection of Discriminative Features Using Bayes Error Rate for Visual Tracking , 2006, PCM.