The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945–1976, by John Harwood

class, in addition to disability. This will require UD to broaden its understanding of shifting population demographics beyond disability and aging to include the diverse spectrum of gender identity and related needs in the built environment, as well as the lasting effects of de facto racial and economic segregation as issues of environmental and social justice. While these questions have more obvious relevance to Steinfeld and Maisel’s social justice approach to UD than Sanford’s rehabilitation approach, they can encourage designers to think broadly about how environmental barriers create oppressions with intersectional consequences, such as the impact of gender, race, and class segregation on public health and the distribution of resources. If the environment can perform a rehabilitative and enabling function to promote participation, UD must think about how it can be used to include other demographics, as well. Readers interested in technical and policy applications of UD will be engaged by Sanford’s book, which is more technical in tone; explains the systematic barriers to successful implementation of UD; and recommends new definitions, incentives, and policy solutions to improve UD’s efficacy and prevalence. Steinfeld and Maisel’s text comprehensively covers the range of legal, sociological, technical, historical, and practical issues faced by UD, but translates technical language and graphic representations of evidence to be more accessible to designers interested in the aesthetic and humanistic elements of UD. Ultimately, these books are highly theoretically sophisticated, nuanced in their assessment of UD’s application to design at all scales, and have relevance beyond just design practice. Although their focus remains largely on barriers related to disability and aging, both texts will be of interest to historians, design critics, and scholars in fields such as urban studies, disability studies, and feminist theory.