The effect of aging on the functions of epithelial rest cells of Malassez in vitro: immunofluorescence, DNA microarray and RT-PCR analyses

Background: The major function of Malassez's epithelial rest (ERM) cells is thought to be maintenance of the homeostasis of the periodontal ligament. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on the functions of ERM cells in vitro. Methods: ERM cells cultured from porcine teeth were used in this study, and cells at passages 3, 11 and 17 were analyzed by DNA microarray to evaluate gene expression profiles. Furthermore, quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to confirm the microarray data for selected genes. Results: The microarray data revealed that approximately 4,300 of the 21,123 genes on the array were expressed at significantly different levels. Among them, 230 genes, including BMP2, were significantly decreased between the 3rd to the 11th passage. Moreover, 23 genes, including beta-defensin1, MMP13 and CD61, were significantly down-regulated from the 3rd to the 11th and from the 11th to the 17th passages(P<0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that cementogenesis, antibacterial effects, collagenase activity and cell adhesive functions of the ERM are affected by aging.

[1]  E. Kokubu,et al.  Effects of epidermal growth factor and/or nerve growth factor on Malassez's epithelial rest cells in vitro: expression of mRNA for osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. , 2010, Journal of periodontal research.

[2]  Toru Sato,et al.  Effect of Stretching Force on the Cells of Epithelial Rests of Malassez In Vitro , 2010, International journal of dentistry.

[3]  K. Mäkinen.  Sugar Alcohols, Caries Incidence, and Remineralization of Caries Lesions: A Literature Review , 2010, International journal of dentistry.

[4]  M. Casati,et al.  Inflammatory and bone-related genes are modulated by aging in human periodontal ligament cells. , 2009, Cytokine.

[5]  P. Cerri,et al.  Area of Rests of Malassez in Young and Adult Rat Molars: Evidences in the Formation of Large Rests , 2009, Anatomical record.

[6]  P. Cerri,et al.  Cell death and quantitative reduction of rests of Malassez according to age. , 2008, Journal of periodontal research.

[7]  Y. Yamaguchi,et al.  In vitro characterization of the cytokine profile of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. , 2008, Journal of periodontology.

[8]  M. Casati,et al.  Influence of Aging on Biological Properties of Periodontal Ligament Cells , 2008, Connective tissue research.

[9]  Dorret I Boomsma,et al.  Heritable rather than age-related environmental and stochastic factors dominate variation in DNA methylation of the human IGF2/H19 locus. , 2007, Human molecular genetics.

[10]  W. Young,et al.  The epithelial cell rests of Malassez--a role in periodontal regeneration? , 2006, Journal of periodontal research.

[11]  N. Yoshida,et al.  Down-regulation of interleukin-1alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression via EP1 receptors by prostaglandin E2 in human periodontal ligament cells. , 2005, Oral microbiology and immunology.

[12]  T. Yamashiro,et al.  Denervation Resulting in Dento-Alveolar Ankylosis Associated with Decreased Malassez Epithelium , 2004, Journal of dental research.

[13]  C. Evans,et al.  Immunohistochemical localization of αvβ3 integrin receptor during experimental tooth movement , 2004 .

[14]  David F. Wilson,et al.  Distribution of the epithelial rests of Malassez and their relationship to blood vessels of the periodontal ligament during rat tooth development , 2003, Australian orthodontic journal.

[15]  C. Evans,et al.  Proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez during experimental tooth movement. , 2003, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[16]  T. Uchiyama,et al.  A case of calcifying odontogenic cyst with numerous calcifications: immunohistochemical analysis. , 2003, The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College.

[17]  M. Shimono,et al.  Regulatory mechanisms of periodontal regeneration , 2003, Microscopy research and technique.

[18]  H. Kurihara,et al.  Immunohistochemical characteristics of epithelial cell rests of Malassez during cementum repair. , 2003, Journal of periodontal research.

[19]  T. Kaku,et al.  Expression of inflammatory cytokines and beta-defensin 1 mRNAs in porcine epithelial rests of Malassez in vitro , 2001, Medical Electron Microscopy.

[20]  C. López-Otín,et al.  Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) expression is induced in oral mucosal epithelium during chronic inflammation. , 1998, The American journal of pathology.

[21]  C. Qualls,et al.  Cell Adhesion Molecules—Update , 1997, Veterinary pathology.

[22]  D. van Steenberghe,et al.  Periodontal neural endings intimately relate to epithelial rests of Malassez in humans. A light and electron microscope study. , 1993, Journal of anatomy.

[23]  Y. Hamamoto,et al.  Ultrastructural and histochemical study on the morphogenesis of epithelial rests of Malassez. , 1989, Archives of histology and cytology.

[24]  J. D. Spouge.  A study of epithelial odontogenic residues in the pig. , 1986, Journal of periodontology.

[25]  D. Brunette,et al.  In-vitro cultural parameters and protein and prostaglandin secretion of epithelial cells derived from porcine rests of Malassez. , 1979, Archives of oral biology.

[26]  D. Brunette,et al.  Culture and origin of epithelium-like and fibroblast-like cells from porcine periodontal ligament explants and cell suspensions. , 1976, Archives of oral biology.

[27]  A. R. Cate.  The epithelial cell rests of Malassez and the genesis of the dental cyst. , 1972 .