Carrier concentration-dependent piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects in ZnO thin-film transistor

Abstract The piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects have been confirmed as promising methodologies to optimize the performances of electronic/optoelectronic devices. Here, the carrier concentration dependence of both the piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects are systematically investigated in ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) that fabricated by high-concentration solution hydrothermal method (ZnO NW TFT) and radio frequency magnetron sputtering (ZnO seed TFT) method. Significant performance improvement is achieved in the ZnO NW TFT with moderate carrier concentration by the piezotronic effect, whereas the photoresponse performance of the ZnO NW TFT to 365 nm UV illumination shows no modulation by the piezo-phototronic effect. In contrast, the performance of the ZnO seed TFT with ultra-low carrier concentration almost keeps unchanged when introducing the piezotronic effect, while significant photoresponse improvement of the ZnO seed TFT to 365 nm UV illumination is obtained by the piezo-phototronic effect. After careful analysis and comparation, the different influences of piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects in the ZnO NW TFT and the ZnO seed TFT are resulted from the different carrier concentrations in ZnO NW film and ZnO seed film with or without UV illumination. This study not only presents in-depth understanding about carrier concentration dependence of the piezotronic and piezo-phototronic effects in ZnO TFTs, but also provides feasible, compatible and adjustable methodologies to enhance/optimize the performances of electronic/optoelectronic devices.

[1]  B. Bayraktaroglu,et al.  Microwave ZnO Thin-Film Transistors , 2008, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[2]  K. Char,et al.  Patterning of Flexible Transparent Thin‐Film Transistors with Solution‐Processed ZnO Using the Binary Solvent Mixture , 2011 .

[3]  Xiaogan Li,et al.  Piezo‐Phototronic Effect on Selective Electron or Hole Transport through Depletion Region of Vis–NIR Broadband Photodiode , 2017, Advanced materials.

[4]  S. Im,et al.  ZnO-based nonvolatile memory thin-film transistors with polymer dielectric/ferroelectric double gate insulators , 2007 .

[5]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Enhanced performances of flexible ZnO/perovskite solar cells by piezo-phototronic effect , 2016 .

[6]  Jooho Moon,et al.  Fully Flexible Solution‐Deposited ZnO Thin‐Film Transistors , 2010, Advanced materials.

[7]  E. Fortunato,et al.  Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors: A Review of Recent Advances , 2012, Advanced materials.

[8]  Yong Ding,et al.  Piezotronic Effect in Flexible Thin‐film Based Devices , 2013, Advanced materials.

[9]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Optimizing performance of silicon-based p-n junction photodetectors by the piezo-phototronic effect. , 2014, ACS nano.

[10]  Stuart R. Thomas,et al.  Solution-processed dye-sensitized ZnO phototransistors with extremely high photoresponsivity , 2012 .

[11]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Largely enhanced efficiency in ZnO nanowire/p-polymer hybridized inorganic/organic ultraviolet light-emitting diode by piezo-phototronic effect. , 2013, Nano letters.

[12]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  GaN nanobelt-based strain-gated piezotronic logic devices and computation. , 2013, ACS nano.

[13]  Caofeng Pan,et al.  Enhanced Performance of a ZnO Nanowire‐Based Self‐Powered Glucose Sensor by Piezotronic Effect , 2013 .

[14]  Ke Ma,et al.  Surface acoustic wave ultraviolet detector based on zinc oxide nanowire sensing layer , 2012 .

[15]  Xin Huang,et al.  Electrical transportation and piezotronic-effect modulation in AlGaN/GaN MOS HEMTs and unpassivated HEMTs , 2017 .

[16]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  High-Output Lead-Free Flexible Piezoelectric Generator Using Single-Crystalline GaN Thin Film. , 2018, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[17]  Kwang-H Lee,et al.  ZnO-based low voltage inverter with low-k/high-k double polymer dielectric layer , 2008 .

[18]  Yong-ning He,et al.  A ZnO-Based Programmable UV Detection Integrated Circuit Unit , 2016, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[19]  Ruomeng Yu,et al.  Temperature Dependence of the Piezotronic and Piezophototronic Effects in a‐axis GaN Nanobelts , 2015, Advanced materials.

[20]  Masashi Kawasaki,et al.  High Mobility Thin Film Transistors with Transparent ZnO Channels , 2003 .

[21]  Yan Zhang,et al.  Piezo-phototronics effect on nano/microwire solar cells , 2012 .

[22]  Caofeng Pan,et al.  Enhanced emission intensity of vertical aligned flexible ZnO nanowire/p-polymer hybridized LED array by piezo-phototronic effect , 2015 .

[23]  Xin Huang,et al.  Enhanced Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells by Piezo-Phototronic Effect. , 2017, ACS nano.

[24]  J. I. Ramírez,et al.  Low-Voltage Double-Gate ZnO Thin-Film Transistor Circuits , 2013, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[25]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Temperature dependence of the piezotronic effect in ZnO nanowires. , 2013, Nano letters.

[26]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Solution-derived ZnO homojunction nanowire films on wearable substrates for energy conversion and self-powered gesture recognition. , 2014, Nano letters.

[27]  Caofeng Pan,et al.  Temperature Dependence of the Piezophototronic Effect in CdS Nanowires , 2015 .

[28]  Benjamin J. Norris,et al.  ZnO-based transparent thin-film transistors , 2003 .

[29]  Weiguo Hu,et al.  An effective approach to alleviating the thermal effect in microstripe array-LEDs via the piezo-phototronic effect , 2018 .

[30]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Piezotronic Effect in Strain-Gated Transistor of a-Axis GaN Nanobelt. , 2015, ACS nano.

[31]  Long Lin,et al.  Strain-gated piezotronic transistors based on vertical zinc oxide nanowires. , 2012, ACS nano.

[32]  Yong Ding,et al.  Piezotronic effect in solution-grown p-type ZnO nanowires and films. , 2013, Nano letters.

[33]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Progress in piezo-phototronic effect enhanced photodetectors , 2016 .

[34]  Nai‐Jen Ku,et al.  Optimization of the Output Efficiency of GaN Nanowire Piezoelectric Nanogenerators by Tuning the Free Carrier Concentration , 2014 .

[35]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Piezotronic effect on the sensitivity and signal level of Schottky contacted proactive micro/nanowire nanosensors. , 2013, ACS nano.

[36]  Yong-ning He,et al.  Enhanced Performance of a Self‐Powered Organic/Inorganic Photodetector by Pyro‐Phototronic and Piezo‐Phototronic Effects , 2017, Advanced materials.

[37]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  High performance of ZnO nanowire protein sensors enhanced by the piezotronic effect , 2013 .

[38]  T. Hsueh,et al.  A ZnO-nanowire phototransistor prepared on glass substrates. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[39]  Zhong‐Lin Wang,et al.  Progress in Piezotronics and Piezo‐Phototronics , 2012, Advanced materials.

[40]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Piezo-phototronic Effect Enhanced Responsivity of Photon Sensor Based on Composition-tunable Ternary CdSxSe1-x Nanowires , 2017 .