Nanoindentation Methods to Measure Viscoelastic Properties of Single Cells Using Sharp, Flat, and Buckling Tips Inside ESEM

In this paper, methods to measure viscoelastic properties of time-dependent materials are proposed using sharp, flat, and buckling tips inside an environmental SEM. Single W303 yeast cells were employed in this study. Each of the tips was used to indent single cells in a nanoindentation test. Three loading histories were used: 1) a ramp loading history, in which a sharp indenter was used; 2) a step loading history, in which a flat indenter was implemented; and 3) a fast unloading history, in which a buckling nanoneedle was applied. Analysis of the viscoelastic properties of single cells was performed for each of the loading histories by choosing an appropriate theory between the correspondence principle and the functional equation. Results from each of the tests show good agreement, from which strong conclusion can be drawn.

[1]  Peter Hartley,et al.  Modelling the mechanical properties of yeast cells , 2009 .

[2]  A. Lumsdaine,et al.  Measuring the constitutive behavior of viscoelastic solids in the time and frequency domain using flat punch nanoindentation , 2009 .

[3]  M. Nakajima,et al.  Bringing the nanolaboratory inside electron microscopes , 2008, IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine.

[4]  M. Nakajima,et al.  The Effects of Cell Sizes, Environmental Conditions, and Growth Phases on the Strength of Individual W303 Yeast Cells Inside ESEM , 2008, IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience.

[5]  M. Nakajima,et al.  In Situ Single Cell Mechanics Characterization of Yeast Cells Using Nanoneedles Inside Environmental SEM , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[6]  Yasuhisa Hasegawa,et al.  Low-ground-pressure vehicle for landmine detection (characteristic of low-ground-pressure tire and proposal of position and posture control technique) , 2008 .

[7]  T. Fukuda,et al.  Generation of concentration gradient from a wave-like pattern by high frequency vibration of liquid–liquid interface , 2008, Biomedical microdevices.

[8]  Toshio Fukuda,et al.  Adaptive Control for the Systems Preceded by Hysteresis , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[9]  Fumihito Arai,et al.  On-chip pH measurement using functionalized gel-microbeads positioned by optical tweezers. , 2008, Lab on a chip.

[10]  Toshio Fukuda,et al.  Mechanical properties characterization of individual yeast cells using environment-SEM nanomanipulation system , 2007, 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[11]  L. P. Hunt,et al.  Handbook of Semiconductor Silicon Technology , 2007 .

[12]  Hongbing Lu,et al.  Measurements of Two Independent Viscoelastic Functions by Nanoindentation , 2007 .

[13]  Michelle L. Oyen,et al.  Analytical techniques for indentation of viscoelastic materials , 2006 .

[14]  A. Gliozzi,et al.  Mechanical properties of single living cells encapsulated in polyelectrolyte matrixes. , 2006, Journal of biotechnology.

[15]  T. Fukuda,et al.  TEM Observation of the Giant Carbon Nanotube Construction Using Langmuir-Blodgett Films , 2006, 2006 Sixth IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology.

[16]  Krystyn J. Van Vliet,et al.  Contact creep compliance of viscoelastic materials via nanoindentation , 2006 .

[17]  Yang-Tse Cheng,et al.  Methods of Obtaining Instantaneous Modulus of Viscoelastic Solids Using Displacement-Controlled Instrumented Indentation with Axisymmetric Indenters of Arbitrary Smooth Profiles , 2006 .

[18]  Franz-Josef Ulm,et al.  Viscoelastic solutions for conical indentation , 2006 .

[19]  Yang-Tse Cheng,et al.  General Relationship Between Contact Stiffness, Contact Depth, and Mechanical Properties for Indentation in Linear Viscoelastic Solids Using Axisymmetric Indenters of Arbitrary Profiles , 2005 .

[20]  Kaiyang Zeng,et al.  Nanoindentation of polymers with a sharp indenter , 2005 .

[21]  Yang-Tse Cheng,et al.  Relationships between initial unloading slope, contact depth, and mechanical properties for conical indentation in linear viscoelastic solids , 2005 .

[22]  Andrew E. Pelling,et al.  Local Nanomechanical Motion of the Cell Wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 2004, Science.

[23]  Toshio Fukuda,et al.  Neuro-fuzzy control of a robotic exoskeleton with EMG signals , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems.

[24]  Roderic S. Lakes,et al.  Viscoelastic measurement techniques , 2004 .

[25]  I. Tolic-Nørrelykke,et al.  Anomalous diffusion in living yeast cells. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[26]  Bochu Wang,et al.  Measurement of Creep Compliance of Solid Polymers by Nanoindentation , 2003 .

[27]  Shuxiang Guo,et al.  A new type of fish-like underwater microrobot , 2003 .

[28]  B. Bhushan,et al.  A Review of Nanoindentation Continuous Stiffness Measurement Technique and Its Applications , 2002 .

[29]  Imad H. Elhajj,et al.  Haptic information in Internet-based teleoperation , 2001 .

[30]  K E Moxham,et al.  The mechanical properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  Mauro Moresi,et al.  Rheological behaviour of baker’s yeast suspensions , 2000 .

[32]  O. Thoumine,et al.  Time scale dependent viscoelastic and contractile regimes in fibroblasts probed by microplate manipulation. , 1997, Journal of cell science.

[33]  Sverre Myhra,et al.  Determination of the spring constants of probes for force microscopy/spectroscopy , 1996 .

[34]  R M Nerem,et al.  Viscoelastic properties of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells exposed to shear stress. , 1996, Journal of biomechanics.

[35]  Jean-Pierre Celis,et al.  Calibration procedures for frictional measurements with a lateral force microscope , 1996 .

[36]  John E. Sader,et al.  Parallel beam approximation for V‐shaped atomic force microscope cantilevers , 1995 .

[37]  Marvin A. Tung,et al.  Colloidal Properties of Flocculent and Nonflocculent Brewing Yeast Suspensions , 1993 .

[38]  George M. Pharr,et al.  On the generality of the relationship among contact stiffness, contact area, and elastic modulus during indentation , 1992 .

[39]  I. N. Sneddon.  The relation between load and penetration in the axisymmetric boussinesq problem for a punch of arbitrary profile , 1965 .

[40]  En-Jui Lee,et al.  The Contact Problem for Viscoelastic Bodies , 1960 .

[41]  En-Jui Lee,et al.  VISCOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS , 1958 .

[42]  J. Radok,et al.  Visco-elastic stress analysis , 1957 .

[43]  En-Jui Lee,et al.  Stress analysis in visco-elastic bodies , 1955 .

[44]  T. Fukuda,et al.  Patient-Tailored Cerebral Artery Model for Simulating neurovascular Intervention(3rd Report, Photoelastic Stress Measurement on Vascular Wall Under Simulated Operations) , 2008 .

[45]  L. Scriven,et al.  Spherical-tip indentation of viscoelastic material , 2005 .

[46]  Yasuhisa Hasegawa,et al.  Mechanism and control of mechatronic system with higher degrees of freedom , 2004, Annu. Rev. Control..

[47]  L. E. Scriven,et al.  Flat‐punch indentation of viscoelastic material , 2000 .

[48]  S. Timoshenko.  Theory of Elastic Stability , 1936 .