An SDOG-based intrinsic method for three-dimensional modelling of large-scale spatial objects

Three-dimensional (3D) modelling is a powerful tool for spatial representation and data analysis, and large scale is the common feature for spatial objects in Global Spatial Information System/Science (GSIS), especially in Earth System Science (ESS). It is important to develop a new 3D modelling method for large-scale spatial objects to meet the demands of global change and ESS researches. The projection-based methods, which have been applied for hundreds of years, are inadequate to perform large-scale spatial modelling, while the embedding methods are unnatural to represent the gravitational features of geo-objects, making the spatial modelling complex and the global data analysis hard. Although the current intrinsic methods are capable of dealing with large-scale spatial modelling, they have some defects such as shrinking, overlapping, non-latitude–longitude consistent, triangular prism-shaped or non-uniformly subdivided and lack of a unified representation model on geometric, topologic and attributive information integrally. Spheroid Degenerated-Octree Grid (SDOG), which takes the advantages of non-shrinking, quasi-uniform, non-overlapping, latitude–longitude consistent, hexahedron-shaped, uniformly subdivided, multi-resolution, is a preferable grid for developing an intrinsic method for the 3D modelling of large-scale spatial objects. This article employed SDOG to develop a new intrinsic method for large-scale 3D modelling. A triple representation model, T(OID, S, A), was proposed to conduct a unified representation on geometric, topologic and attributive information integrally. An algorithm of triples construction, as well as a two-table data structure, was developed to make the intrinsic method operable. A large-scale 3D modelling case, with SDOG-based intrinsic method, on the lithosphere of planet Earth in intrinsic space was illustrated. It shows that the SDOG-based intrinsic method is feasible to perform the 3D modelling of large-scale spatial objects, so as to support global visualization and ESS studies.

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