Assessment of skin blood content and oxygenation in spinal cord injured subjects during reactive hyperemia.

This study was undertaken to determine whether the reactive hyperemia response following ischemia in spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals is different from that which occurs in able-bodied (AB) individuals. The reactive hyperemia response was produced by applying a pressure of 150 mmHg for 300 s, 600 s, and 900 s to the skin over the greater trochanter in 10 SCI and 10 AB subjects using a computer-controlled pneumatic indentation system. The changes in blood content and oxygenation in the superficial vessels of the skin, associated with indentation, were monitored using reflectance spectrophotometry. A brief pressure of 80 mmHg, to simulate finger pressing (blanching), was applied to the same site to detect changes in reflow behavior during the hyperemic period. The results indicate that the reactive hyperemia response in SCI group was not substantially different from AB group although the reflow rate after load release was slower in the SCI group compared with the AB group.

[1]  B Fagrell,et al.  Dynamics of Skin Microcirculation in Humans , 1985, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology.

[2]  D. I. Abramson,et al.  Circulation in the extremities , 1967 .

[3]  L M Vistnes,et al.  Differential Response of Skin and Muscle in the Experimental Production of Pressure Sores , 1980, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[4]  J. B. Reswick,et al.  Experience at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital With Devices and Techniques to Prevent Pressure Sores , 1976 .

[5]  J. Feather,et al.  A portable scanning reflectance spectrophotometer using visible wavelengths for the rapid measurement of skin pigments. , 1989, Physics in medicine and biology.

[6]  U. Ewald.  Evaluation of the transcutaneous oxygen method used at 37°C for measurement of reactive hyperaemia in the skin , 1984 .

[7]  D. I. Abramson,et al.  Effect of short periods of arterial occlusion on blood flow and oxygen uptake. , 1961, Journal of applied physiology.

[8]  A. Fronek,et al.  Cutaneous postocclusive reactive hyperemia monitored by laser doppler flux metering and skin temperature. , 1985, Microvascular research.

[9]  J. Mikdashi,et al.  The post-occlusive hyperemic response in patients with systemic sclerosis. , 1990, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[10]  R. Roemer,et al.  Thermal response of paraplegic skin to the application of localized pressure. , 1981, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[11]  Bar Ca.  The response of tissues to applied pressure. , 1988 .

[12]  L. By,et al.  Skin stress and blood flow in sitting paraplegic patients. , 1984, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[13]  R B Roemer,et al.  Thermal response of skin to application of localized pressure. , 1979, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[14]  C. Orlandi,et al.  Evaluation of the dilator capacity of skin blood vessels of hypertensive patients by laser Doppler flowmetry. , 1988, Microvascular research.

[15]  E. Hamrin,et al.  Changes of reactive hyperaemia after clinical bed rest for seven days. , 1976, Upsala journal of medical sciences.

[16]  F. Gyntelberg,et al.  Skin perfusion pressure on the legs measured as the external pressure required for skin reddening after blanching: a photo-electric technique compared to isotope washout. , 1980, Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation.

[17]  K.,et al.  Measurement of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in normal and ischaemic skin. , 1983, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[18]  T. Tuvemo,et al.  Reduced Vascular Reactivity in Diabetic Children and Its Relation to Diabetic Control , 1985, Acta paediatrica Scandinavica.

[19]  P Rolfe,et al.  Skin surface PO2 measurement and the effect of externally applied pressure. , 1981, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[20]  A. Bollinger,et al.  Analysis of flow motion by the laser Doppler technique in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. , 1988, International journal of microcirculation, clinical and experimental.

[21]  F. A. Matsen,et al.  An animal model of the compartmental syndrome. , 1975, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[22]  B. Fagrell,et al.  Postocclusive reactive hyperemia and thermal response in the skin microcirculation of subjects with spinal cord injury. , 2020, Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[23]  C. Jamieson,et al.  A simple method for approximate measurement of skin blood-pressure. , 1974, Lancet.

[24]  L C Parish,et al.  Histopathology of the decubitus ulcer. , 1982, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[25]  R M Kenedi,et al.  Influence of age on postischaemic reactive hyperaemia. , 1991, Clinical physics and physiological measurement : an official journal of the Hospital Physicists' Association, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Physik and the European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics.

[26]  G. E. Brown.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE SURFACE CAPILLARIES IN MAN FOLLOWING CERVICOTHORACIC SYMPATHETIC GANGLIONECTOMY. , 1930, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[27]  L. Guttmann.  Spinal cord injuries: comprehensive management and research , 1973 .

[28]  J. Cronenwett,et al.  Direct measurement of arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow after lumbar sympathectomy. , 1977, Surgery.

[29]  R. Daniel,et al.  Etiologic factors in pressure sores: an experimental model. , 1981, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[30]  G. Majno,et al.  Ischemia of the skin. Electron microscopic study of vascular injury. , 1969, The American journal of pathology.

[31]  Cronenwett Jl,et al.  Direct measurement of arteriovenous anastomotic blood flow after lumbar sympathectomy. , 1977 .

[32]  M. Maury,et al.  The circulatory behaviour in complete chronic paraplegia , 1973, Paraplegia.

[33]  C. Mathias.  Autonomic dysfunction. , 1987, British journal of hospital medicine.